cxliv FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS 



Excepting that two species of Hawaiian Carabidae are referred to the widespread 

 genus Platynus and five to the ubiquitous Bembidiimi, all the certainly endemic species 

 are placed in genera that are also endemic. 



Review of Lepidoptera. 



Up to the present time' 764 species of this Order have been described or 

 enumerated from the main islands, but of these at least 61 may be considered as 

 foreign. Many of the latter are obviously importations by man, while a minority are 

 equally certainly natural immigrants from other countries ; a few cannot with certainty 

 be assigned to either of these classes, but almost certainly belong to one or the other. 

 Seven hundred species, or 92 per cent, of the Lepidopterous fauna, are therefore 

 endemic. 



Of all the families of the Order twenty only are represented in the islands, and 

 three of these contain each only one species and that certainly imported by man. The 

 Pierid, Pieris rapae was imported with cabbages from California some 1 2 years ago ; 

 Meliphora grisella (Galleriadae), no doubt, with honey bees ; Ethniia colonella 

 (Oecophoridae), appeared in the islands a good many years ago, but is known to 

 have been of comparatively modern introduction. Other two families, Nymphalidae 

 and Lycaenidae, are represented by only one endemic species each, supposing Lycaena 

 blackbiirni to be truly endemic, which is by no means certain. 



If we leave the foreign element in the different families out of consideration, we 

 find that nine only contain fifteen or more species. These are the Caradrinidae with 

 34 species, Hydriomenidae 17, Selidosemidae 39, Pyraustidae 172, Gelechiidae 41, 

 Hypomoneutidae 270, Carposinidae 2il>^ Tortricidae 47, Tineidae 15. Consequently 

 nine families contain no less than 668 of the endemic species or 95 per cent, of the 

 whole. 



The 764 species of Lepidoptera are distributed in 117 genera, of which 37 are 

 supposed to be endemic. Generic endemicity is much greater in the smaller moths 

 (i.e. in the Tortricina and Tineina together) than in the aggregate of other great groups 

 or superfamilies, in fact it is nearly twice as great in the former, which have 24 of the 

 58 genera endemic. The larger moths and butterflies on the other hand have only 

 13 endemic genera of their total of 59. Thirty-three genera contain only apodemic 

 species, these being either introductions by man or in some cases natural immigrants, 

 while thirty-three genera, though themselves apodemic, contain only endemic species. 

 Fourteen genera contain a mixture of endemic and apodemic species. The 61 foreign 

 species are therefore distributed in 47 genera, or average about 1-3 to a genus, while 

 the 702 endemic species are placed in 84 genera, an average of 8-3 to each genus. 



' In this account the famiHes and genera adopted are as in the Systematic part of this work. In 

 a few cases the number of species is slightly changed to bring this up to date— June 1909. 



