INTRODUCTION cdxiii 



6". haivaiiensis, has much the habits of Chelisoches and in fact is often found in company 

 with it. Both species, in wet locahties, are found nearly to sea-level. 



Mantoidea. — The common Australian Mantid, Orthodera prasina, was, doubtless, 

 Introduced with orange trees from Australia, and was first noticed on the island of 

 Kauai, about the year 1896. It is thoroughly naturalized there, but apparently does 

 not spread rapidly and is still confined to that island. It has been noticed preying on 

 that most beneficial ladybird Coelopho7'a inaequa/is, as well as various other insects. 



The larger Tenodera sinensis is a more recent introduction from the Orient and 

 was first noticed in some numbers in Hamakua district of Hawaii about the year 

 1900. It has spread to some extent over that island, but has not yet been reported 

 from other islands of the group. 



Blattoidea. — The numerous introduced cockroaches are a conspicuous element in 

 the fauna, many of them {Periplaneta australasiae and americana, Stylopyga decorata, 

 Euthyrrapha pacifica, etc.) thriving both as domestic pests and out of doors in the open. 

 Some, e.g. Phyllodromia kospes and Loboptera exiranea, are of recent introduction, 

 having first become noticeable towards the end of the last century, though now exces- 

 sively numerous in individuals and widely spread. The females of the former are 

 brachypterous and flightless. The Loboptera has been found in consignments of Fijian 

 plants in recent years and may have been imported from that group. The common 

 P. germanica remains practically a household insect, and abounds on steamers which 

 call at Honolulu. P. hieroglyphica is one of the commonest of cockroaches at low and 

 medium elevations. Oniscosoina pallida, taken by Mr Blackburn 30 years ago, has not 

 since been met with. Leiuophaea surinarnensis is an exceedingly common species, the 

 young of which are often found in great numbers under stones, and are remarkable for 

 the appearance of the hind parts of the body, which resemble those of wood-lice, so that 

 when the fore parts are buried in the soil they might on superficial examination be 

 mistaken for those Isopods. EletUlieroda dytiscoides, another excessively numerous 

 species, is injurious to trees, gnawing the bark from the branches of Casuarina, Citrus, 

 etc. The young and adults often congregate in masses amongst the foliage, falling to 

 the ground when disturbed, and scuttling off with irregular gait to conceal themselves. 

 This species is viviparous. The pretty species of Etctliyrrapha {E. pacified) breeds in 

 neglected cupboards amongst rubbish in houses, and also abundantly beneath dead 

 leaves, etc., in the open, but only at low elevations. The nymphs are uniformly dull 

 and ugly creatures, very different from the really handsome adult. A second species of 

 this genus, or an allied form, has been more recently found in numbers on Hawaii. 



Very different in habits from any of these is the endemic Phyllodroinia, P. obtusata. 

 It is a most abundant insect throughout most parts of the forests of all the islands, 

 where it lives beneath bark of trees, in clusters of dead leaves, or in living foliage. 



