CCXIV 



FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS 



where the leaves have a tendency to curl up and form a suitable place for concealment. 

 It exhibits much variety in the development of the wings so that in some localities all 

 the individuals exhibit so strong a tendency to become brachypterous, that they might 

 almost be considered as forming a distinct species. The varieties of this species seem 

 to be connected with special localities. 



Both the endemic species and many of the foreign ones are subject to the attack of 

 parasites. The Encyrtid Solindenia picticornis is bred from the capsules not only of 

 Phyllodro7tiia obtnsata, but from those of other cockroaches, and parasitized oothecae 

 are often met with. The two Evania, of which one has not hitherto been found in 

 other countries, are extremely numerous on the lowlands and in the lower forest, while 

 these are themselves destroyed by the Tetrastichine Eulophid, Tetrastichus hagenowii. 

 Some of the native birds are partial to the endemic Phyllodromia, and the introduced 

 mongoose sometimes devours numbers of the two large Periplaneta. It is unfortunate 

 that the injurious Eleutheroda is, from the nature of its life-history, exempt from the 

 attacks of Hymenopterous parasites. 



AcRiDioiDEA. — The common Oriental grasshopper Oxya veiox, confined in 1892 

 to Oahu and Kauai, has not yet been reported from other of the islands. It thrives in 

 wet or moderately wet localities, in fact particularly where one finds the introduced 

 Hilo grass i^Paspahun conjugatiini). 



Atradornorpha crenaticeps appeared in Honolulu in 1900, and several years elapsed 

 before it became really common. The original examples met with were of the brown 

 form, but green-coloured specimens were found soon afterwards. No doubt this grass- 

 hopper was imported with plants from Australia, where we have found it commonly, or 

 from Hong Kong, whence we have seen examples collected by Mr F. Terry. It can 

 live in much drier localities than those frequented by Oxya. 



LocusTOiDEA. — This great group is represented by five genera only, and of these 

 three are introduced forms. Elimaea punctifera Walk, {appendiculata Br.) was of early 

 introduction, being common during the period of Mr Blackburn's collecting. It is a 

 widely distributed Oriental species and is now thoroughly established on all the islands, 

 but is confined to the lowlands and lower forest regions. The flattened eggs are 

 inserted in the fronds of ferns and leaves of various plants causine a slieht swellino- on 

 the epidermis. They are much parasitized by the Encyrtid Eupelmine Anastatiis 

 koebelei, and a minute Trichogramma or Pentarthron, the latter issuing in large 

 numbers from a single egg. The former parasite, which is a common garden insect 

 and found in the forest also, was not met with by Mr Blackburn and was therefore 

 probably introduced at a later period than its host. 



Holochlora venosa is no doubt a later importation from the Orient. The eggs are 

 laid in numbers in long slits made in young shoots of the 'Avocado pear' {Persea) and 



