ccxxviii FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS 



sinistrorsal, while a near-by colony had only two per cent, of the one form. They 

 are arboreal in their habits and, making allowance for their small size, they appeared to 

 me much more conspicuous than the Achatinellas. 



The Succineidae are found throughout the group, but are dominant on the large 

 island of Hawaii. Twenty-seven species of Succinea were enumerated by Sykes, but 

 the limits of the species appear to be even less definite than in the Achatinellas. The 

 Succineae are able to thrive under the most diverse conditions of climate, though 

 probably best developed in the true forest-belt. Some species are common in the open 

 country at elevations of about 5000 ft., where there is little permanent moisture, and 

 some even abound on the hottest and driest coasts. In many parts of Hawaii both the 

 surface of the ground is covered with their empty shells and the humus filled with 

 these, while on other of the islands, where now they are less numerous, there are great 

 deposits, mixed with the shells oi Amastra, Leptachatina, and various other living genera. 



The other families of Mollusca are comparatively of little importance, but it may 

 be mentioned that Limnaetis pereger is the species of fresh-water snail, in which Dr Lutz 

 found the Redia of the Liver Fluke. 



Remarks on Vermes. 



xA.lthough a considerable number of species of earthworms was collected by me at 

 various stations, often very remote from settlements, throughout the islands, I believe 

 that all these are importations by man. On several occasions boxes of earth containing 

 growing plants were examined, when they were landed from steamers arriving in 

 Honolulu from China and Japan, and were found to contain great numbers of very 

 lively and healthy earthworms. Some of these were preserved and found to be identical 

 specifically with species that now are found far from settlements in the mountain forests. 

 Some earthworms were specially collected in the most out-of-the-way forests in boggy 

 places, where nearly every animal was endemic, but these proved to be only well-known 

 foreign forms, such as AUolobophora foetida, etc. As plants have been imported 

 continually into the islands both from America and the Oriental region for the course 

 of a century, there has been ample time for foreign worms to become very widely 

 distributed. Of late years it has been illegal to introduce plants in earth, for economic 

 reasons, in order to keep out insect pests, so that the number of species that now occur 

 (and doubtless some have been introduced since I made my collections) may not be so 

 quickly added to. 



The Entozoa recorded from the islands are of no interest faunistically, excepting 

 the remarkable Apororhynchus heviignathi, taken from the Drepanid bird Hemignathus 

 procerus on Kauai, and forming the endemic family Apororhynchidae of the Acantho- 

 cephala, and Drepanidotaenia he)nignathi, belonging to an apodemic Cestode genus, 

 with the same host. Another tapeworm was found in another Drepanid bird, Loxops 

 caeruleirostris. It is curious that no Entozoa were noticed in birds excepting on Kauai. 



