THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13 



As bearing on this subject I give the following extract from my notes for 

 1885, which relates also to Phymatodcs variabilis, Fab. : — 



" Last fall (Sept.) I laid in a large supply of red, white and black oak 

 and hickory twigs, containing larvae of oak-pruners. The majority were 

 red oak and hickory, but all were kept in separate boxes. Also a large 

 box full of sawed hickory wood which contained wood-boring larva?. 

 These were all kept regularly moistened. During May and June, as I 

 was absent from home at the time, another person, a lady, collected and 

 saved for me a bottle full of beetles from the vicinity of these boxes (all 

 taken from and around the large box of hickory wood, she says). These 

 I afterward examined, and found the bottle to contain 145 Phymatodes 

 variabilis. Fab., and 18 Elaphidion paralleum, Newm., besides two 

 Tenebrionidce of uncertain origin. As to which the two species proceeded 

 from, the twigs or the hickory wood, the lady, who examined the twigs 

 from time to time without being able to discover a single specimen among 

 them, is almost certain that they all came from the large box of sawed 

 hickory, on the underside of the papers covering which she was able to 

 pick them off in large numbers, as well as all over and around the box 

 and on the wood inside. Upon examining a good number of the twigs of 

 each kind later in the season, I found not an insect in them (with the excep- 

 tion of one which contained a dried and shrivelled larva that had not 

 transformed), but they showed every sign of the insects having emerged 

 as perfect beetles. The E. parallelwn, Newm., must have come from 

 the twigs, while the P. variabilis, Fab., all proceeded from the sawed 

 hickory wood. Packard gives the latter species as living only in white 

 oak, but I am confident that these came from hickory, though I cannot 

 conceive what became of the other numerous Elaphidions which must 

 have emerged from the twigs." 



In my notes for 1884, under date of i8th Sept., I extract also the fol- 

 lowing : — " Found an oak-pruner in the pupa state, inclosed in its silken 

 white cocoon, inside a red oak twig. The end of the twig was not closed 

 up, as is usually the case, but the passage was open, and a couple of 

 inches up from the end the larva had changed to the pupa , state, leaving 

 its cast off skin below it in the passage." 



Upon reading the account by Dr. Fitch, of E. villostan, Fabr., I find 

 he says that " some of the worms enter their pupal state the last of 

 autumn, and others not till the following spring. Hence, in examining 

 the fallen limbs in the winter, a larva may be found in one, a pupa in an- 



