THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169 



a vague terminal blackish band tinged with red outwardly. Beneath yel- 

 low ; the fringes on primaries red ; red exterior bands and discal marks. 

 This perfectly distinct species I have fully described in the pages of the 

 North American Entomologist, 45. Here it is evident that a separation 

 into several species has resulted from the isolation of the American 

 original stock, unless we consider the form viarginata to have been 

 imported by commerce, of which we have no historical data, but yet which 

 may have well happened. Not only H. Armiger, but I now believe the 

 other European species of Heliothis, viz., Dipsacea and its variety J/if^r/- 

 tima, with yellow 'secondaries, and Saitosus, also occur in America, where 

 I have given them other names when first discovered, not having Euro- 

 pean specimens at hand to compare, and also under the impression, which 

 was first, I think, disseminated among us by Agassiz, that the European 

 and North American species were distinct as a whole, and that the forms 

 which resembled each other were " representative species." There is 

 then a class of idefitical species of moths which have been probably dis- 

 seminated by commerce, such as the above species of Plusia and 

 Heliothis, the Codling Moth, Carpocapsa Pomonclla, the Clothes Moths, 

 Tinea and Tineola. But there are other identical species which have 

 evidently 7iot been so distributed. An example of this class is Scoliop- 

 teryx Libatrix, the Drinker Moth, which is found very far north in Hud- 

 son's Bay Territory, and occurs on the Atlantic coast at least as far south 

 as Virginia.' We then find species which, if found side by side with the 

 type in Europe, would hardly be considered distinct ; but, since the 

 American specimens show a slight character in all stages, they may be 

 held correctly to have attained the rank of species. Such species as 

 Apatela occidentalism Hadena finitima, Hyppa xylinoides, Mamestra 

 atlantica, among the NoctuidcC, Deilcphila Chamaenerii among the 

 Hawk Moths, Clisioeampa Avierica7ia among the Spinners, fall under this 

 category. In fact, as I have shown, there is an ascending scale of differ- 

 ences increasing in obviousness and importance until we arrive at what 

 appear to me to be perfectly distinct species. In a number of different 

 papers, pubHshed in various scientific journals since 1873, 1 have adduced 

 facts bearing on the identity and difference of our species with European 

 forms, and illustrating the existence of this element in the North American 

 fauna. The latest and most interesting discovery made by me is that of a 

 species inhabiting Arizona and allied to the European Mamestra Bras- 

 $icce of Authors. This species and the European constitute, in my 



