10 



OSMOTIC PRESSURE OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS. 



is firmly attached to the shaft, and around it is wound the steel-wire 

 cable (9). The loose iron pulleys (10, 11, and 12) serve to guide the 

 cable. The large pulley (12) is situated in the attic of the laboratory. 

 The cable, after leaving the horizontal pulley (11), ascends vertically 

 through the ceiling of the room and passes over the attic pulley (12). 

 The descending end of the cable is attached to a heavy iron rod (13), 

 upon which may be loaded any required number of cast-iron weights 

 (14 and 15). At the floor, the weight (consisting of 13, 14, and 15) 

 enters a vertical shaft more than 50 feet in depth. The detachable 

 wrench (16), which is provided with extensions, is employed in raising 

 the weight and coiling the cable about the drum. 



Fig. 2. — Apparatus for pressing clays. 

 (1) Steel press (see Fig. I A); (2) steel frame for holding press; (3) movable steel shaft; (4) collar 

 joining (1) and (3); (5) and (6) parts of wooden framework; (7) set collar to limit vertical 

 motion of shaft; (8) drum for coiling cable; (9) steel cable; (10) vertical loose guide pulley for 

 cable; (11) horizontal loose guide pulley for cable; (12) loose cable pulley in attic; (13) 

 saddle for weights; (14) and (15) cast-iron weights. 



After filling the press, and before placing it in the position shown in 

 Figure 2, it is put into a vise and considerable of the water is forced out 

 by use of the wrench (16), which is given a turn from time to time as the 



