470 



Index 



Dry weights, 344 

 Duckweeds, 393, 448, 459 

 Ducts, 155, 213, 221 

 Dulse, 447 

 Dust, and spores, 391 



Ecology, defined, 3; vs. morphology, 73 



Ecological groups, 463, 464 



Economic Botany, 3 



Edible fruits, 397 



Eel grasses, 195, 305, 448 



Egg cell, 281 



Electricity and growth, 336 



Electrolysis, 35 



Electrotropism, 251 



Elementary species, 420 



Emaciation, 91 



Embryo, 354 



Embryology, defined, 2, 405 



Embryo sac, 281 



Endogenous, vs. exogenous, 364; 461 



Endosperm, 300, 354 



Energy in plants, 79; source, 80, po- 

 tential vs. kinetic, 93 



Enzymes, 106, 126; principal kinds, 

 128; catalyzers, 129; in digestion, 

 217 



Eoprotista, 448 



Epidermis, 155, 222; of desert plants, 

 269, 270 



Epiphytes, 464 



Erythrophyll, described, 39; uses, 39; 

 in autumn leaves, 42; 119 



Essential oils, 117 



Ether and growth, 336 



Ethereal oils, 117 



Eucalyptus, 201 



Euphorbia splendens, 68 



Evergreens, shape, 58, 259 



Evolution, 403; vs. special creation, 403; 

 evidence, 404; explanations, 404; a 

 scientific question, 405; by natural 

 selection, 406; diagram, 410; and 

 Darwin, 411; and Lamarck, 412; by 

 transmission acquired characters, 413; 

 and Weismann, 415; epochs, 417; and 

 de Vries, 418; by mutation, 418; and 

 Mendel, 422; new indications, 423; 



under experiment, 425; vs. improve- 

 ment, 429 



Excretion, of gases, 211; of minerals, 

 212; of root-poisons, 212; of nectar, 

 212; of nitrogen, 125 



Exogenous vs. endogenous, 364; 460 



Experiment, use, 22, 31 



Experiment greenhouse, 8 



Explosion, of fruits, 384; of stamens, 323 



Experimental evolution, 418, 425 



Extra-floral nectar, 212 



Fairy Rings, 381, 382 



Fasciations, 373, 374 



Female, meaning of, 291 



Fermentation, described, 97; economics, 

 98; chemistry, 99; object, 100; relation 

 to respiration, 100, 101; by-products, 

 101 



Ferments, 128 



Ferns, 457; fertihzation of, 241, 283, 289, 

 290; 304 



Fern-plants, described, 456 



Fertilization, described, 281, 283, 285, 

 286, 437, 459 



Fibres, 221, 222 



Fibrovascular bundles, 221; 363, 364, 

 365; tissues, 457, 458 



Fission, 280 



Flesh-formers, 106, 126 



Flotage of seeds, 393 



Flowering Plants, described, 459 



Flowers, morphology, 69; turn to light, 

 235; 236; protection of, 276; geotro- 

 pism, 249; described, 281, 282; pecul- 

 iarities explained, 310: defined, 310; 

 correlations with insects, 317; essential 

 parts, 362; green, 375 



Flowers of tan, 141 



Fluctuating variations, 423 



Foliage plants, 38, 428 



Food, function, 94; a storage battery, 96; 

 reservoirs, 68; 106, 107 



Forestry, 3 



Fortuity of variation, 433 



Fossils, 404 



Freaks, 373, 436 



Frost, and autumn colors, 45 



