FOREWORD 



Each division of this volume represents one of the major categories of information which may be 

 about, or derived from, a test for biological responses to chemicals. Examples are (1) state of the 

 chemical, (2) organism, (3) dose size, (4) path of administration, and (5) response. Information of any 

 one category is recorded (both as a written abstract and in written code) in only one specified location 

 (i. e. , a fixed position) on Biology Code Sheets; subsequently, it is punched (in code) in an analogous 

 fixed position on Biology IBM Punched Cards. The fixed area of the Code Sheet or punched card used 

 for one category may be larger or smaller, according to the nature of the category (e. g. , the area for 

 the organism is larger than the area for the state of the chemical); the area is referred to as a coding 

 "field" on both the punched card and Code Sheet. In CBCC parlance, the categories have come to be 

 referred to simply as "fields"- -for example, the "dosage fields", "taxonomy field", and "anatomy field". 

 For more convenient reference, however, these fixed coding fields have been assigned alphabetical 

 designations. For example, Field A is concerned with states of the chemicals tested. Field E with the 

 name of organisms, pathologies, or tumors treated. Field H with the anatomical parts affected, etc. 

 Under each information category ("field") of this Code are classified the many specific items belonging 

 to that category, each item being accompanied by its assigned code symbol. 



In the Introduction and Appendixes, the role of the Code for indexing, machine handling, and 

 storage of chemical-biological information is discussed. 



Within each field, the organization is according to the numerical and alphabetical sequence of 

 the items' code symbols. Since the symbols reflect the classification within a field, the items them- 

 selves are listed according to their natural relationships. 



To find an item of a given field, it is necessary to scan the field. No index is furnished for any 

 of the fields, since, in using the Code, positions of the items are quickly learned, after which an index 

 to a field becomes more an impediment than an assistance. 



Special directions and distinctions for use of code symbols are included with the items of the 

 Code in cases where it has seemed appropriate for expediting coding. However, these are as brief as 

 possible and are included in the Code only when needed to delineate the idea which the code symbol 

 is to convey. 



Directions for coding information about any chemical-biological test by use of the symbols, as 

 well as explanations for the construction and arrangement of symbols, are in a separate volume desig- 

 nated as the Key to the CBCC Biology Code. The Code and Key have been published in separate volumes, 

 because it has been found the most practical arrangement for use of the Code. 



In the Code's symbols, the capital letter O and the numerical zero are distinguished by using 

 the special symbol "0" for the letter O. (For persons using the CBCC IBM Punched Cards, it should be 

 observed that the IBM Interpreter distinguished these two symbols in the reverse way, the zero being 

 typed by the Interpreter as "0" and the letter O as "O". ) 



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