258 Allgemeines. — Anatomie. 



and points out that the relationship of the species indicated by 

 their fungal reactions accord completely with present day genetic 

 conceptions as to their relationships, which have been arrived at 

 by other means. 



The phenomenon of bridging species is not considered by him 

 to be a great objection to the broad application of the principle, 

 such cases as far as is known being very few — in the case of 

 cereals occuring only with Puccinia graminis forma sp., tritici, — 

 a species the forms of which are only weakly specialised. 



E. M. Wakefield (Kew). 



Hubert, H., Ueber das massenhafte Auftreten von Ei- 

 weisskristalloiden in Kartoffelblättern. (Oesterr. Bot. 

 Zeitschr. p. 273—277. 1914.) 



Heinricher fand im Jahre 1891 in nassfaulen, basalen Teilen 

 der Laubtriebe von Kartoffelpflanzen massenhaft Kristalloide. An- 

 schliessend an diese Beobachtung konstatierte die Verf. in den jun- 

 gen Blättern von im feuchten Raum und im Finsteren ausgebildeten 

 Kartoffeltrieben Eiweisskristalloide in reichlicher Menge (1- 5 in jeder 

 Zelle); lässt man aber die etiolierten Blätter ergrünen, dann ver- 

 schwinden die Kristalloide, da sie für das Wachstum aufgebraucht 

 werden. Kartoffelpflanzen, die im Frühjahr im dunstgesättigten 

 Raum austrieben, bildeten auf die Oberfläche der belichteten Blätter 

 reichlich Intumeszenzen, Sowohl in diesem, wie auch in den Meso- 

 phyllzellen bildeten sie reichlich Kristalloide, welche die Eiweiss- 

 reaktionen zeigten. A. Burgerstein (Wien). 



Thomas, E. N., Seedling Anatom y of Ranales, Rhoeadales, 

 and Rosales. (Ann. of Bot. XXVI. p. 695 — 733. 2 pl. 43 textfig. 1914.) 



The author introduces the paper by a brief summary of Van 

 Tieghem's investigations on seedling anatomj', and a considera- 

 tion of the changes in transition phenonema due to age, 



The usual ground plan for Dicotyledons, viz. The Cruciform 

 arrangement with its diarch and tetrach varieties, is described, 

 and also the rare Diagonal arrangement, and the common root-like 

 anatomy of the hypocotyl is treated at some length. 



A detailed description of the transition phenomena of seedlings 

 belonging to seven Natural Orders of the Ranales, four of the 

 Rhoeadales and seven of the Rosales is given; in all about 150 spe- 

 cies were examined. 



In the Ranales the Ranuncidaceae are diarch, the MagnoUaceae, 

 the Calycanthaceae and Lauraceae mostly tetrarch, while the Caly- 

 canthaceae shew the Diagonal type. The Rhoeadales shew very 

 great constancy of feature and present good typical examples of 

 the diarch type. In the Rosales, the Crassulaceae and Saxifragaceae 

 are diarch, the Pittosporaceae and Hamamelidaceae tetrarch, while 

 both diarch and tetrach types occur in the Rosaceae and Legunii- 

 nosae. A wider ränge of seedling structure exists in the Rosales than 

 in the other two Cohorts. 



The paper concludes with a discussion of results. One of the 

 questions raised is the difference in behaviour between the central 

 and lateral Strands of the cotyledons, and the relative primitiveness 

 of diarchy and tetrarchy is fully discussed. Details as to the distri- 

 bution and percentage of tetrarch types in the seedlings of all the 



