Floristik, Geographie, Systematik etc. 503 



prove by a climatic theory of desert terraces, the fluctuations of the 

 water content of lakes, the relation of alluvial terraces to man a 

 study of the ruins of ancient peoples in Southern Arizona, southern 

 New Mexico, northern Sonora, southern Mexico, peninsula of 

 Yucatan and Guatemala, and a detailed study of the growth 

 of trees, especially the big trees, of California, that there has 

 been a shifting of climatic zones and a decided change in climate 

 both in this western hemisphere and the eastern hemisphere. Nu- 

 merous tables and graphic curves represent the amount of detailed 

 investigation undertaken to put the author's hypothesis on a firm 

 foundation and to leave no ground untouched, which would throw 

 light upon the studj^ of climatic changes. The various hypotheses 

 advanced to account for these changes are considered and a chapter 

 by Charles Schuchert describes the climates of geologic tinie. 

 The chapters on the estimation of rainfall by the growth of trees, 

 on the correction and comparison of curves of growth, on the curve 

 of the big trees, on the interpretation of the curve of the Seqiioia 

 are füll of botanic interest, Harshberger. 



Jackson, H. H. T., The Land Vertebrates of Ridgeway 

 Bog, Wisconsin: Their Ecological Succession and 

 Source ofingression. (Bull. Wisc. Nat. Hist. Soc. XII. p. 4— 54. 

 9 figs. Oct. 1914) 



Ridgeway Bog is of glacial origin and lies in a slightly 

 elevated plateau near the source of the Wisconsin River in 

 northern Wisconsin Its biota based upon a study of the land 

 and a few of the plants typifies that of northern North American 

 bogs. This biota is found in seven ecologic associations, viz., 1) the 

 aquatic association, 2) the sedge association, 3) the Cassandra 

 association, 4) the tamarack spruce association, 5) the cedarbalsam- 

 hemlock association, 6) the roadside association, and 7) the hillside 

 association. In the description of these associations with reference 

 to the animal life found in them, it was necessary to describe the 

 more characteristic plants in fact, as indicated above, the associa- 

 tions are named according to their phytogeographic character. 



Harshberger. 



Johansson, K., Gotländska värdväxter för Cuscuta epithy- 

 mum Murr. [Gotländische Nährpflanzen für Cuscuta epi- 

 thymiim Murr.]. (Svensk Bot. Tidskr. VIII. p. 379—382. 1914.) 



An 5 gotländischen Standorten wurden über 90 Arten notiert, 

 an denen die Haustorien von Cuscuta epithymum angeheftet waren. 

 Besonders üppig gedeiht diese Cuscuta auf hochgewachsenen Arten, 

 z. B. Achillea rnillefoUum , Medicago falcata, Centaurea jacea und C, 

 scabiosa, Arteniisia absinthium, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum u. a., 

 blüht aber auch auf niedrigeren Pflanzen ziemlich reichlich. Sie 

 liebt sonnige, trockene und warme Standorte. Moose scheinen nicht 

 angegriffen zu werden. Grevillius (Kempen a. R.). 



Lindman, C. A. M., Nägra bidrag tili frägan: buske eller 

 träd? [Einige Beiträge zur Frage: Strauch oder Baum?]. 



(K. Svenska Vet. Akad. Arsbok. XII. p. 231-287. 26 Textabb. 1914.) 



Nach einem Ueberblick über die Auffassungen der verschiede- 



