568 Floristik, Geographie, Systematik etc. 



nicht flügelsamigen Arten von Melandryiun und 

 Saponaria pumüa (S. Lag.). Janch. (= 5. nana 

 Fritsch), etwa 400 Arten; kosmopolitisch). 



12. Kapsel durch unregelmässig begrenzten Deckel sich öff- 

 nend; Appendices fehlen. 



XI. Acanthophylluni C. A. Mey. (einschliesslich AUo- 

 chrysa Bge; etwa 20 Arten; Asien). 



— Kapsel durch Zähne sich öffnend 13 



13. Kelch nie deutlich 5-flügelig. 



IX. Sapouaria L. ampl. [Saponaria exkl. die 2 obenge- 



nannten Arten, Gypsophila (exkl. Sect. Ankyrope- 

 talinn), etwa 70 Arten; Europa, Asien , N.- Afrika). 



— Kelch durch tiefe Längsrinnen zwischen den Medianen der 



Kelchblätter deutlich 5-flügelig. 



X. Vaccaria Med. (4 Arten; Europa, Vorderasien). 



Die römischen Ziffern vor den Namen der Gattungen bezeich- 

 nen jene Anordnung, die nach Meinung des Verf. die verwandt- 

 schaftlichen Beziehungen am besten wiederzugeben scheint. — Die 

 Tribus der Diantheen beschränkt Verf. auf Velesia und Diarü1ms\ 

 alle übrigen bilden die Tribus der Lychnideen. 



Matouschek (Wien). 



Nichols, G. E., The Vegetation of Connecticut. III. Plant 

 Societies on Uplands. (Torreya XIV. p. 167—194. Oct. 1914.) 



The third instalment of the Vegetation of Connecticut deals 

 with the plant societies of the Uplands, such as are found in crevices 

 and on rocks, including the trap ridges near New Haven, and 

 their talus slopes. The Vegetation of the sand plains has also been 

 described and the societies due to human interference. The succes- 

 sion of plants in each of the societies studied has been followed. 

 One exemple may be chosen from the mass of details presented. 

 The first living plants to appear on a freshly exposed trap surface 

 are crustose lichens; e. g., Biiellia petraea and Lecanora cinerea, 

 followed b}^ foliose and fruticose lichens, and a few mosses: Griin- 

 mia Olneyi and Hedwigia ciliata. Succession in the rock crevices 

 begins with lichens and mosses and is followed by flowering herbs, 

 then shrubs, such as, Ceanothus americanus and trees, Junipems 

 virginiana and Querciis stellata. The effect of the chemical nature 

 of the subStratum is considered. Harshberger. 



Rubel, E. A., Heath and Steppe, Macchia and Garig ue. 

 (Jour. Ecology. II. 4. p. 232—237. 1914.) 



The above terms and also others such as desert, puszta, prairie, 

 pampas, etc. are here subjected to careful and exhaustive analysis 

 as to their meaning in dictionaries ot the variouslanguages involved. 

 The author's conclusion is that they are all vernacular terms with 

 the same original meaning of uncultivated land. This is an argument 

 against such names being used in scientific ecology, especially since 

 the terms are used by some in a wide general sense, b}^ others in 

 a narrow strict way. Nor does any one ol" these terms define preci- 

 sely any type of Vegetation, e.g. Heide and allied words in oceanic 

 western Europe generally mean ericaceous heath, but the Lenzer- 

 heide (Graubünden) is a subalpine meadow, while the Garchiner 

 Heide is a dry meadow. "Steppe" is a South Russian word meaning 



