60 Angewandte Botanik. 



walled stereome, but there is no endodermis. As the branches grow 

 older cork commences to develop, and the phellogen arises in epi- 

 dermis. However the structure characteristic of Rhamnus Purshiana 

 is only to be observed i/i old, very thick branches, where the cortex 

 contains large clumps of sclerotic cells, roundish to more or less 

 star-shaped, and where the stereome represents several concentric 

 bands; adjoining the stereids are long rows of cells containing Single 

 crystals of calcium-oxalate. The leaf-structure is dorsiventral, and 

 there are three layers of high palisade-cells covering a very open 

 pneumatic-tissue, the midrib consists of a broad, open arch of 

 mestome, destitute of endodermis, and with no distinct peric5^cle 

 except some few scattered Strands of stereome. In the petiole are 

 several layers of collenchyma surrounding the cortex in which many 

 mucilage-cells were observed; the structure of the steie agrees with 

 that of the midrib of the leaf-blade. Theo Holm. 



Holm, T., Medicinal plants of North America. 7 7. Solidago 

 odora Ait. (Merck's Report. XXII. p. 252—254. f. 1 — 18. New York, 

 Oct. 1913.) 



Formerly the leaves and tops of Solidago odova Ait. were offi- 

 cial, under the name ''Solidago''. The whole plant is aromatic, 

 depending on a volatile oil, reminding of anise, and the taste is 

 sweetish. The figures illustrate the rhizome, foliage and flowers, 

 beside the anatomical structure. Characteristic of the roots is the 

 presence of schizogenous, resiniferous ducts of endodermal origin, 

 one outside each of the leptome-strands. Similar ducts occur, also, 

 in the stem, where they are located directly in the primary cortex, 

 each duct corresponding with a mestome-strand; inside endodermis 

 follows an almost closed sheath of sterome. The collateral mestome- 

 strands constitute a Single, circular band, and stereids are frequent 

 in the leptome. The pith is thinwalled, destitute of ducts. The leaf- 

 structure is bifacial, and ducts abound in the chlorenchyma. There 

 are five mestome-strands in the midrib, the middle one being much 

 thicker than the others; each of these has an endodermis and an 

 arch of stereome on the leptome-side. Along the veins on the dorsal 

 face of the leaf-blade are hairs of a ver}?^ peculiar structure, con- 

 sisting of two basal, very large cells (in one row) terminated b}'^ a 

 long, very narrow one. Theo Holm. 



Holm, T., Medicinal plants of North America. 7 8. Meni- 

 spermum Canadense L. (Merck's Report. XXII. p. 281 — 284. f. 1-26. 

 New York, Nov. 1913.) 



'' Menispermum'' is the name of a drug yielded by the rhizome 

 and roots of M. Canadense L.; it contains berberine, and a bitter 

 alkaloid, menispine. The plant is described and tigured , including 

 the seedling-stage and the various types of leaves. In respect to the 

 internal structure the foUowing points are of interest. An exodermis 

 of three strata was observed in the primary root of the seedling, 

 but of only one layer in the other roots. A typical endodermis was 

 observed in the basal portion of the hypocotyl, but in no other 

 parts of the aerial or subterranean stem. In the rhizome the stele 

 consist of a Single circular band of collateral mestome-strands sur- 

 rounded by a closed sheath of stereome, while in the aerial shoots 

 the stereome occurs only as isolated arches on the leptomeside. 



