488 Floristik, Geographie, Systematik etc. 



II. Marsh formation: A) Herbaceous marsh association, a) Carex- 

 Menyanthes sub-association, foUowed in time on a more elevated 

 subStratum by b) Comarum paliistre sub-association with Mosses 

 {Hypnutn spp., etc.) which prepare the substratum for a later Vege- 

 tation; B) Alder-Willow association ot Salix capraea, S. vimhialis, 

 Alniis rotundifolia , etc. with a ground Vegetation in which Spiraea 

 UUnaria and Aira caespitosa are dominant. Complete lists of species 

 are given for each plant Community. 



The factors determining the distribution of the communities 

 are briefly discussed. The chief differentiating factors are regarded 

 as biotic (sensu H. C. Cowles). The distribution of Phvagniites on 

 the northern side, and of Carex anipullacea, southern side, is a 

 marked feature not easil}^ explained. It has, however, a distinct 

 influence on the later succession, and this is illustrated on a dia- 

 gram across the lake. Phragmites with a lower tier of Potanioge/on 

 natans excludes most other species, whereas the Carex locality 

 exhibits the sequence given above and leading to Spiraea. The 

 disappearance of species known earlier in the lake, and the absence 

 of characteristic lake species is commented on. The developmental 

 succession does not differ essentially from lakes of N. W. Europe, 

 but these observations on an area favourably situated serve to 

 amplify earlier work. W. G. Smiih. 



Neger, F. W., Die Bergwälder Korsikas. i^Naturw. Zschr. 

 Forst, u. Landw. XII. p. 153—161. 4 A. 1914.) 



Piniis corsicana Poir. bildet von 800 m bis etwas über 1200 m 

 den montanen Bergwald; nach oben folgt ein Laubholzgürtel (Fc/^v/.s 

 Betula, Alnits, Hex, Abies). PiiiKS corsicana wird 45 bis 50 m hoch 

 und behält lange eine spitz pyramidale Form. Als Parasit wurde 

 unter andern die Mistel beobachtet. Schüepp. 



Osborn, T. G. B., Notes on the Flora around Adelaide' 

 South Australia. (N. Phytol. XIII. p. 109 — 121. 2 PI. 3 figs. 1914.) 



First impressions preliminary to more detailed investigations. 

 The climate is briefly outlined, also the topography which, because 

 of the broken coast-line and the neighbourhood of hills, favours 

 the occurrence of different formations within a small area. Little 

 original Vegetation remains near Adelaide. The extensive northern 

 coastal piain is much intersected by muddy Channels characterised 

 by Avicennia mangrove swamp, and by Saliconiia Vegetation; ranges 

 of low sand-hills are occupied by sand-binding plants and shrubs. 

 The lower foot-hills show grassland with Eucalyptus and Eucalyptus- 

 Acacia scrub. A higher ränge of foot-hills has limestone hills with 

 grassland and trees sharpljT- contrasted with non-grassy scrub on 

 quartzite hills. Draining the hills are deep precipitous gullies. At 

 higher altitudes towards Mount Loft}^ Eucalyptus obliqua becoines 

 the dominant of an open type of forest. 



Short notes are given on the prevailing sclerophyllous leaf-form 

 so similar in families widely scparated; Underground storage organs; 

 ephemeral and parasitic plants; the period of Üowering (August to 

 October as a rule), and adaptations to poUination, and alien plants 

 an important feature in the more settled districts. The plates include 

 a series of representative photographs of Vegetation. 



W. G. Smith. 



