Lichenes. — Bryophyten. 627 



to. Foliaceous and fruticulose lichens are described but they are 

 possibly not always quite so dependent on the nature of the sub- 

 stratum as the crustaceous ones. Examples are given in order to 

 iliustrate the meaning of the "association" as it may be distinguished 

 among these plants. A succession such as the foUowing might be 

 observed on a rock: 



1) Epilithic crustaceous lichens with marked chinking; 2) Par- 

 melia saxatilis, pure, typical saxicolous form; 3) Parntelia dominant, 

 Sphaerophoron coralloides and mosses present; 4) Sphaerophoron 

 dominant, Parrnelia disappearing: 5) Sphaerophoron pure, in cushion 

 form, with or without mosses; 6) Sphaerophoron in "foresf'-forma- 

 tion, pure, or with mosses; 7) Sphaerophoron giving way to moss, 

 fern and fiowering plant. 



The author adds that no survey or ecological study of any 

 district is complete tili the lichens have been taken into consideralion. 



Darbishire (Bristol). 



Merrill, G. K., Lichens from Vancouver Island. (Ottowa 

 Naturalist. XXVIII. p. 33-36. 1914.) 



Notes on some fifteen lichens mostly new to the Canadian flora. 

 One new species, Arthonia Macounii, is described. 



0. V. Darbishire. 



Wheldon, J. A. and W. G. Travis. A New Lancashire Li- 

 ehen. (Lancashire Naturalist. W. 6. p. 324. 1913. 



The description of a new Liehen named Lecidea Gagei by Miss 

 A. L. Smith is given. O. V. Darbishire. 



&>' 



Kashyap» S. R., Morphological and Biological Notes 

 on new and little known West Himalayan Liver- 

 worts. I. (The New Phytologist. XIII. p. 206—225. figs. London, 

 1914.) 



The specimens were gathered at Mussoorie in the summers 

 of 1912, 1913. A list is given of the thirty liverworts found there, 

 comprising three new genera and eleven new species. In the pre- 

 sent part the foUowing are described and discussed: Cyathodium 

 tuberosum sp. nov., Targionia hypophylla L. var. integerrinia var. 

 nov., Aitchisoniella himalayensis gen. et sp. nov. is allied to Targinia. 



A. Gepp. 



Maybrook, A. C, Note on the Biology of Fegatella conica. 

 (The New Phytologist. XIII. p. 243-249. figs. London, 1914.) 



Thalli of Fegatella conica without air Chambers were found in a 

 damp cavern in a hedge bank. The absence of air Chambers is pre- 

 sumed to be due to the combined effect of darkness and moisture. In 

 thalli growing in decreasing intensities of light there is a gradual 

 decrease in the number of air Chambers per unit of surface area, 

 and in the size of those air Chambers. The final disappearance, 

 however, seems to be dependent on the factor of moisture; for only 

 in those forms showing marked adaptations to a moist habitat were 

 the air Chambers totally lacking. The total suppression of air Cham- 

 bers in Fegatella does not appear to have been noticed previously. 



A. Gepp. 



