Pflanzenkrankheiten. — Bacteriologie. 137 



on the idea of governmental agreements for the regulation of the 

 trade. The writer hopes that the need for more knowledge will not 

 be overlooked in urging for the purpose of formulating an inter- 

 national agreement, as proposed by Cuboni. 



M. J. Sirks (Haarlem). 



Shear, C. L., Some observations on phy topathological 

 Problems in Europe and America. (Phytopathology. III. p. 

 77—87. 1913.) 



The paper gives a great many considerationsaboutplantdiseases, 

 that are severe in Europe, but less so in America, and diseases 

 that are severe in America, but not so in Europe. The author 

 points out, that „Phytopathological problems are no longer local 

 Problems, but world problems, and the sooner we recognize and 

 adopt this point of view, the sooner we shall be able to successfully 

 attack them." 



A great need at present is to discover some safe basis for pre- 

 dicting what the behaviour of the parasite will be when introduced 

 into any new localit5^ This might perhaps be done by making 

 careful inoculation experiments wilh the foreign organism in this 

 country under thoroughly controlled conditions. so that there is no 

 dunger of its spreading. 



The writer considers briefly the chief existing agencies which 

 may be utilized in extending and advancing international phyto- 

 pathology and assisting in the Solution of the many problems, both 

 scientific and economic, which confront us. 



The various facts cited demonstrate beyond question the neces- 

 sity of a broader pathological outlook. Most phjnopathological pro- 

 blems in ultimate analysis are international and to be most success- 

 fully attacked must be approached from that point of view Their 

 Solution can be most quickly and economically accomplished by 

 close and active Cooperation between the different governments and 

 pathologists. Investigators should have the füllest facilities for Obser- 

 vation and research wherever the problem leads, without reference 

 to political boundaries. 



The Solution of the fundamental problems discussed must in 

 great measure, precede the establishment of the most efficient means 

 and methods for preventing or restricting the dissemination of 

 pathogenic fungi. M. J. Sirks (Haarlem). 



Doidge, E. M., The South African Mulberry Blight, Bac- 

 teriiim mori (Boy. and Lamb.) Smith. (Annais Appl. Biol. II. 

 p. 113—123. 6 pl. July 1915.) 



The author describes the morphological and cultural characters 

 of an organism isolated from diseased mulberr}^ trees, which agrees 

 with Bacteriuni mori except in possessing from one to four flagella 

 instead of only one or two. The disease is very prevalent in South 

 Africa on the black mulber}^ {Morus nigra), although some 

 districts, are as yet quite free from it. It is possible to infect the 

 common mulberr\" also, but this never becomes conspicuously 

 blighted in nature. E. M. Wakefield (Kew^). 



Mulvania, M., Observations on Asotobacter. (Science. N. S- 

 XLII. p. 463—465. Oct. 1. 1915.) 



A form belle ved to be of the group of A. vinelaridii has been 



