Lichenes. 449 



Mc Lean, R. C, The Ecology ofthe Lichens at ßlakeney 

 Point, Norfolk. (Jour. of Ecology. III. p. 129—148. 1 pl. 3 figs. 

 1915.) 

 That this is one of the earliest attempts to deal with the ecolo- 

 gical distribution of lichens, is in accord with the pioneer work in 

 other plants at this centre for ecology. The physiography of Bla- 

 keney Point has been described (Bot. Cent. 123 p. 206, etc.). The 

 substrata are shingle, sand and tidal mud, which make up certain 

 well defined habitats. About 30 species, with additional forms, of 

 lichens have been identified and arranged under 8 groupes, the 

 distribution of which is shown on a chart. The groups are based on 

 habitat: bare sand, grey and derelict dunes, loose shingle with and 

 without sand, bound shingle with and without grasses, and low 

 shingle embedded in tidal mud. On the lichen-chart the groups are 

 indicated by Symbols (scale 1 : 7200), and convey an excellent Im- 

 pression of the lichendistribution, if studied in relation to topogra- 

 phical Charts. The paper is a preliminary one, and the results of 

 observations are given as suggestions rather than as definite con- 

 clusions. It must suffice here to indicate some of the topics. The 

 climatic conditions are equable, but high surface-temperatures, dew, 

 and wind are important factors. The methods of survey include, 

 besides the chart, studies on quadrats in situ, quadrats made up 

 of stones brought together from other parts for future observations, 

 and a detailed transect (about 5 metres) showing the exact distri- 

 bution of 6 species of liehen. Certain liehen formations and associa- 

 tions are defined, with notes on their distribution in relation to 

 edaphic factors. Sand in motion is an important adverse factor, so 

 that stones within its influence are almost lichen-free; mud with 

 sand is important because there the stones are extreraely stable 

 and on them the saxicolous lichengrowth reaches its maximum. 

 Attention is also directed to the growth of individual thalli, phases 

 of life-histories, species with anomalous distribution (2 figs.), and 

 the succession of associations. W. G. Smith. 



Theissen, F., Lembosm- Studien. (Ann. Mycol. XL p. 424 — 467. 1 

 Taf. 1913.) 

 Nach gründlichem Studium der Arten entwirft uns Verf. eine 

 Synopsis generum: 



1. Amerosporae: Asci polyspori; sporae hyalinae [continuae?] . . 



Lenibosiella Sacc. 



2. Hyalodidymae: Asci octospori, sporae hyalinae, didymae . . 



Lembosiopsis Theiss, 



3. Phaeodidymae: Asci octospori, sporae brunneae. 



A. Mycelium aerum nullum 



I. Asci paraphysati Lembosinn Theiss. 



II. Asci aparaphysati Morenoina Theiss. 



B. Mycelium superficiale, ramosum septatum 



I. Asci paraphysati Lembosia Lev. 



II. Asci aparaphysati Morenoella Speg. 



Phvagmogvaphiun P. Henn. wäre eine Lembosia mit mehrfach 

 quergeteilten Sporen, doch stellt dieses „Genus" v. Höhnel zur 

 Flechtengattung Opegraphella Müll. Arg. 



In der „Synopsis specierum" werden die einzelnen Arten, wo- 

 von mehrere neu sind, eingereiht. Die Gattung Lembosia Lev. 

 wird wie folgt gegliedert: 



Botan. Centralblatt. Band 131, 1016. 29 



