Cryptogamen im Allgemeinen. — Algae. 473 



algal flora of the latter islands has a distinct stamp a very marked 

 New Zealand Clement manifesting itself both in genera and spe- 

 cies. The affinity of Kerguelen which lies between is american, 

 but in addition to the subantarctic American species, it possesses 

 some half dozen large Florideae not known from elsewhere and two 

 species absent in Fuegia but found in New Zealand or in its 

 subantarctic islands. The lichens and fungi are not so satisfactory 

 to deal with. The former are found on the whole to be more widely 

 distributed than the marine algae, but the time has not come for 

 drawing conclusions as many of the smaller species have not been 

 thoroughly searched for. The same applie.s to the analysis of the fungi. 

 In the systematic section a considerable amount of critical work 

 is included especiall}' for the seaweeds. Material of doubtful records 

 was obtained whenever possible and a number of corrections and 

 reductions are made. The Melobesieae are dealt with by Madame 

 Lemoine. 19 new algal names are added to the list including 3 

 new species: Eiidoderma 7iiaculans, Ptei'idiiim Bertrandii, and Epi- 

 lithon Vallenthiae, Lemoine. The following new combinations occur, 

 Chofdayia linearis (Harv.), Scytotharnnus fasciculatus (H. & H.) and 

 HeterosipJionia Berkeleyi var. squarvosa (Kütz.). 22 algal records are 

 rejected as erroneous. In the case of the lichens though previous 

 lists have been adopted with little revision several new names are 

 added, and in the fungi the previously known flora has been more 

 than doubled. The following new species are described : Coniothy- 

 viiim Chiliotrichi, C. Baccharis-niageUanicae, Phonta Chiliotrichi, 

 Psathyrella falcklandica , Uredo Chiliotrichi, Phragtnidiiini Rubi-geodis. 



A. D. Cotton (kew). 



Gran, H. H., The Plankton Production in the North 

 European waters in the spring of 1912. (Bull, plankt. 

 rannte 1912, public par le Bureau du Conseil permanent Internat, 

 pour l'explor. de la mer. Copenhague. 4^. 142 pp. 11 tabl. 2 pl. 1915.) 



This important memoir is the result of the author's working 

 out of a rieh plankton material eollected in Ma}?- and June 1912 by 

 a Cooperation ofDanish, Dutch, English, Norwegian, Scot- 

 tish and Swedish sea-investigations. These investigations were 

 made in consequence of a resolution passed by the International 

 Council for the study of the sca in April 1912, the main object 

 being a quantitative and simultaneoas investigation of the micro- 

 and nannoplankton of the North Sca and adjacent waters accor- 

 ding to a method recently proposed by the author. The method 

 consists in preservation in diluted Flemming's fluid of samples of 

 sea-water taken at different depth's by means of a waterbottle, and 

 afterwards centrifugation and microscopial examination and counting 

 of the plankton organisms present in the samples. 



In an "Introduction" the author gives a short review of the 

 history of the quantitative determination of the plankton, first pro- 

 posed and worked out by Hensen (1887). He shows that Hensen's 

 counting method has not succeeded, mainly as "the results are 

 disproportionate to the enormous amount of work involved." Later 

 additions to and alterations of the method have improved it to a 

 high degree, especially Lohm»ann's centrifugal method. This latter, 

 however, had the serious disadvantage, that it was only possible to 

 examine a relatively small number of samples from each Station, 

 as the examination had to be made on the spot and on living mate- 



