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planting they must be shaded and watered until they have made fresh roots, care 

 must, however, be taken not to over-water as it will cause the soil to become 

 sour and the plants will not grow freely. 



Pruning.— 1% may be taken as a general rule that the weaker the growth 

 the closer the pruning required. The first thing to be done is to cut clean out 

 all weak, pithy, and ungainly shoots, selecting ripe, strong well-formed wood to 

 remain to form the bush, these shoots should be cut back, the weakest to 2 or 3 

 eyes and the strongest to 6 or 12 according to their strength and position. These 

 remarks apply to hybrid perpetuals, bourbons and most of the teas. The creep- 

 ing roses such as Mar.^chal Neil, Lamarque and Celina Forestier require but little 

 pruning beyond thinning out old and weak wood and shortenmg back the long 

 shoots about one-third of their length. They thrive best and produce more 

 blooms when allowed to ramble about at will, Marechal Neil especially flourishes 

 under these conditions. 



Attention during the Growing Season.— In windy weather the plants must be 

 securely and neatly staked. A good rule with regard to the size of the stake is 

 that it should not much exceed the diameter of the shoot it supports, and this 

 should be so put in as to be as little seen as possible. The beds must be kept 

 free from weeds and the soil stirred occasionally and watered in dry weather. 

 Liquid manure may be applied freely after the flower buds have begun to form, 

 but it should always be given when the plants are dry. It is better to use it too 

 weak than too strong and it should always be free from sediment as this cakes on the 

 soil and looks unsightly and also prevents the air from getting into tlie soil. By 

 applying it when the plants are dry they take it up at once and there is no waste; 

 but if it is poured on when the plants are already wet— as is very often the case, 

 it more frequently does harm than good. 



For hot dry soils liquid manure from cow-dung is perhaps the best and that 

 from horse-dung for cold damp soils. When cow-dung is used boiling water 

 should be poured on it first and then add sufficient cold water to make it weak. 

 It should be about the colour of pale-ale. If guano is used 1 oz. to a gallon of 

 water is quite strong enough, stir the liquid well up over night and apply it the 

 next day when settled. Where worms are troublesome soot water is very useful 

 and beneficial. 



In very dry weather the beds should be mulched with two or three inches 

 deep of half rotted manure. This will keep them cool and save a lot of water- 

 ing. A little soil spread over it will prevent the manure from being unsightly. 

 As the blooms fall away the flower stalks should be cut back to the first bud and 

 the leaves may be kept bright and clean by an occasional syringing. When the 

 young shoots are too crowded the weaker ones should be cut out and if particu- 

 larly fine blooms are desired the flower buds must also be thinned out. 



Attention driring the resting period will consist of the pruning and manuring. 

 A liberal dressing of manure may now be given, which should be well forked in 

 among the roots as well as the mulching given during the growing period. Any 

 plants that have grown too much to wood can now be root pruned, which is 

 easily performed by exposing the roots and shortening back one or two of the 

 strongest. This practice is best done gradually so as not to give too sudden 

 a check to the plant. I may here mention that plants that have thrown up 

 long, straggling, naked shoots without flowering may often be brought to blossom 

 by pegging down the shoot to within a few inches of the ground. This causes 

 the dormant buds to start into growth, which, when 6 or 8 inches long generally 

 produce flowers. 



Injurious Insects and Diseases. —Roses are specially subjected to injury from 

 Aphides and Mildew. The first must be watched for and can easily be destroyed 

 when it first makes its appearance by syringing the infected shoots with tobacco 

 water in the evening and with pure water next morning. 



Mildew is much more difficult to deal with and when once it makes its 

 appearance it is not easily destroyed. Sulphur is the best known remedy, but it 

 is best to prevent its attacks by occasionally dusting the soil and plants with 

 flowers of Sulphur, and to endeavour to keep the plants in as healthy a state as 

 possible. Caterpillars, beetles, grubs, the saw-fly, and the larvae of several 

 moths are very troublesome and destructive at times. These must be destroyed 

 by careful hand-picking which is the only effectual remedy I know of. Red 

 Spider is sometimes very injurious, but this generally occurs when the plants are 



