TSUGA ^^ 



ing when dry. Cones small, ovoid or oblong, pendulous, the 

 scales thin, obtuse, persistent. 



1. jr. canadensis (L. ) Carr. Hemlock. A tall tree, 20-35 m. 

 high, 6-12 dm. in diameter, with gracefully spreading spray ;bark 

 deeply fissured on old trunks, with prominent rounded ridges; 

 foliage delicate, dense; leaves short-petioled, linear, obtuse, 

 8-13 mm. long; cones ovoid, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, maturing the first 

 autumn, the scales nearly orbicular. Woods, New Brunswick to 

 Minnesota, south along the mountains to Georgia and Alabama 

 (Fig. 3). 



PICEA Dietr. (Pinaceae) 



Evergreen conical trees, with linear short more or less 

 4-sided leaves spreading in all directions, joined at the base to 

 short sterigmata, quickly falling when dry. Cones ovoid or oblong, 

 obtuse, pendulous, the scales numerous, thin, obtuse, persistent. 



a. Cones usually less than 5 cm. long 



b. Twigs glabrous 1. P. glauca 



b. Twigs pubescent 



c. Leaves 12-15 mm. long; Appalachian 2. P. rubens 

 c. Leaves usually 6-10 mm. long; 



chiefly Canadian 3. P. mariana 



a. Cones 10-15 cm. long 4. P. abies 



1. P. glauca (Moench. ) Voss. White Spruce. A handsome 

 tree to 45 m. high, 4-6 dm. in diameter; bark pale brown; branch- 

 lets glabrous; leaves slender, pale or glaucous, 8-18 mm. long; 

 cones subcylindrical, about 5 cm. long, the scales pale, thin, with 

 an entire edge. Rich woods, Labrador to Alaska, south to South 

 Dakota and New York; typically a Canadian tree (Fig. 4). 



2. _P. rubens Sarg. Red Spruce . (R rubra Dietr. ). A slen- 

 der tree 20-35 m. high, 6-9 dm. in diameter; bark reddish, rough- 

 ened by thin irregular brown scales; branchlets pubescent; leaves 

 slender, 12-15 mm. long, somewhat acute; cones maturing the 

 first year, deciduous in autumn or during the winter, elongate- 

 ovoid, 3-4 cm. long, brown, the scales rounded, entire, or slight- 

 ly erose at the tip. Woods, Prince Edward Island to Ohio, south on 

 the mountains to North Carolina and Tennessee; typically an Appa- 

 lachian tree (Fig. 5). 



3. P. mariana (Mill.) BSP. Black Spruce. Bog Spruce . 

 Usually a small tree less than 30 m. high and 2-3 dm. in diameter; 



