PINUS 



41 



(sometimes also in 3's), stiff, 3-6 cm. long, blue-green; mature 

 cones clustered, ovoid, 5-10 cm. long, hanging on for many years; 

 scales very thick and woody, armed with a strong hooked spine 

 4-5 mm. long. Uplands, New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Georgia 

 and Tennessee (Fig, 16). 



9. JP. banksiana Lamb. Jack Pine. A low tree usually 

 5-20 m. high, 3-4 dm. in diameter; bark thin, brown, reddish or 

 gray, irregularly broken into scaly ridges; leaves in 2's, short 

 and thick, 2-4 cm. long, divergent; cones conical, oblong, usually 

 curved, 3-5 cm. long, the scales smooth or with a minute prickle. 

 Barren or rocky soil, Quebec to Mackenzie, south to Alberta, 

 Michigan and New York (Fig. 17). 



TAXODIUM Richard (Taxodiaceae) 



Deciduous trees with shreddy bark, often buttressed when 

 large and in very wet places surrounded by large conical "knees" 

 growing upwards from the roots. Cones small, ellipsoid, with 

 thickened scales. 



1. I\ distichum (L. ) Richard. Bald-Cypress . Tree to 40 m. 

 high, 9-15 dm. in diameter, the base conical or abruptly enlarged, 

 more or less ridged; bark fibrous or scaly, thin, reddish-brown; 

 twigs slender; pith minute, brown, roundish; buds sessile, minute, 

 subglobose; leaf-and stipule-scars lacking. Swamps, Florida to 

 Texas, north to New Jersey, Kentucky and Oklahoma (Fig. 18). 



THUJA L. (Cupressaceae) 



Evergreen trees or shrubs with flattened sprays, the leaves 

 very small, scale- like, appressed, overlapping each other, op- 

 posite, 4-ranked. Cones ovoid or oblong, mostly spreading, the 

 6-10 scales opposite, dry, spreading when mature. 



1. _T. occidentalis L. Arbor vitae . A conical tree 10-35 m. 

 high, 3-6 dm. in diameter, with pale shreddy bark and light, soft, 

 but durable wood; leaves 2-3 mm. broad, of two sorts, the two 

 lateral rows keeled, the two other rows flat, causing the twig to 

 appear much flattened; cones oblong, 8-12 mm. long, reddish- 

 brown, maturing in early autumn,per3isting through the following 

 winter; seeds broadly winged all around. Swamps and rocky banks, 

 Quebec to Saskatchewan, south chiefly on limestone outcrops to 

 Minnesota, Ohio, and the mountains of North Carolina and Ten- 

 nessee (Fig. 19). 



