52 WOODY PLANTS 



pubescent; older twigs reddish-brown, glabrous; buds very small, 

 1-3 (-5) mm. long, colored as twigs. Var. vitellina (L. ) Koch has 

 young twigs yellow, but is very rare in America where most of the 

 collection so named really are hybrids of S. f ragilis and S. alba . 

 Widely introduced from Europe in early days for ornament, bas- 

 ketry, poles, charcoal for making gunpowder and medicinal uses; 

 escaped to a considerable extent in some places. 



8._S, babylonica L. Weeping Willow . A tree to 12 m. or 

 more high and 1 m. in diameter; bark grayish-brown; twigs very 

 slender, elongated, pendulous, the younger yellow, gradually be- 

 coming brownish to brown, tough, puberulent to glabrous; buds 

 small, 1-4 mm. long, yellowish to brown, late-developing. Widely 

 introduced from Europe, especially for cemeteries and as an orna- 

 mental, sparingly escaped. Not native to the Babylon area but the 

 Latin name sentimentally based on Psalm 137 because long grown 

 in Europe as a "mourning tree". 



9._S. interior Rowlee. Sandbar Willow. Longleaf Willow . 

 A thicket- forming, stoloniferous shrub 2-5 m. high; stems 3-6 

 or rarely 10 cm. in diameter; bark grayish; twigs slender, red 

 or reddish-brown, glabrescent-glabrous; buds small, 2-4 mm. 

 long, late in developing. Common on alluvial soils, mudbars, sand- 

 bars, and beaches. Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and 

 Kentucky, thence south to Louisiana and Texas, west to the western 

 edge of the Great Plains in the United States and southern Canada, 

 and northwest to James Bay, Mackenzie, Yukon and Alaska. 



10. S. rigid a Muhl. Cordate Willow . Heartleaf Willow . 

 Several-stemmed shrub, 2-4 (-6) m. high; twigs slender to mid- 

 sized, 1-5 mm. in diameter, yellowish to becoming dark brown, 

 the younger pubescent; buds small, 2-5 mm. long, colored and 

 clothed as the twigs. Common along stream banks and ditches and 

 in mostly low grounds, Delaware to Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, 

 and Nebraska, north to Nova Scotia and west to James Bay, Sas- 

 katchewan, and northern Montana. 



11. S. pyrifolia Andersson. Balsam Willow. Shrub 1-5 m, 

 high, with usually clustered stem but occasionally tree-like; bark 

 grayish, smooth; twigs yellowish (young) to reddish-brown or dark 

 olive brown, glabrous, shining; buds 2-6 mm. long, stout, scarcely 

 pointed, colored as twigs. Moist to wet or swampy ground. Nova 

 Scotia and northern New England to Minnesota and Alberta, north 

 to Labrador and northern British Columbia. 



12. S. glaucophylloides Fernald. Dune Willow. Usually 

 many-stemmed shrub 2-4 or 5 m. tall, occasionally tree-like; 



