54 WOODY PLANTS 



lowlands, Delaware to Kentucky, Missouri, South Dakota, and 

 Montana, north to Newfoundland, James Bay, and British Colum- 

 bia. 



17. S.. humilis Marsh. Upland Willow. Prairie Willow . 

 Sprangly shrub with several spreading stems, 1-3 m. high; twigs 

 midsized to stoutish, 2-4 mm. in basal diameter, greenish-yel- 

 low or yellowish-brown to orange-red or reddish-brown to dark 

 brown, pubescent to puberulent to glabrate; buds midsized to large, 

 5-8 mm. long, colored and clothed as the twigs. Scattered but 

 common on upland areas in open woodlands, dry barrens, rocky 

 bluffs, sandy ground, and prairies; occasionally in swampy areas, 

 Florida to eastern Texas, north to Newfoundland, Cuebec, North 

 Dakota, and Saskatchewan. 



18. S. tristis Ait. Dwarf Upland Willow . Dwarf Prairie 

 Willow . Low, many-stemmed shrub, 0.4-1 m. high; twigs slen- 

 der, leafy, 1-3 mm. in basal diameter, yellowish-brown to brown, 

 pubescent; buds small, 1-3 mm. long, pubescent. Similar to S. 

 humilis but smaller in every way. Occasional on dry and often 

 sandy uplands, roadsides, thicket-borders, mountain balds, etc. ; 

 irregularly distributed from Florida to Oklahoma, north to Quebec 

 and Saskatchewan. 



19. S. bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow. Beaked Willow . Few- 

 stemmed shrub or small tree (sometimes single trunk), 2-6 or 

 rarely 9 m. high; bark grayish, rough and scaly; twigs slender to 

 midsized, 1-3 mm. in basal diameter, often divaricate, the shor- 

 ter often crooked, reddish to brown or dark brown, sometimes 

 orange-red or purplish, younger pubescent, older less pubescent 

 to glabrous; buds small, 3-5 mm. long, colored and clothed as the 

 twigs; the projecting petiole-bud scars often conspicuous on bas^l 

 portion of older twigs. Common on moist to wet or somewhat drier 

 ground from New Jersey to South Dakota, southwest to New Mexico 

 and California, north to Newfoundland and Alaska. 



20. S. purpurea L. Purple Osier. Bitter Willow . Many- 

 stemmed shrub 1-2. 5 m. tall or taller; bark smooth, very bitter; 

 twigs slender, flexible, yellow to yellowish-brown or reddish-brown, 

 rarely purplish, glabrous, sometimes shining; buds remarkable for 

 often being opposite or sub-opposite as well as alternate, midsized, 

 3-8 mm. long, acute to obtuse, yellow-brown to reddish-brown, 

 glabrous. Widely introduced in colonial times and cultivated for 

 basket-making, the staminate for ornament; sparingly escaped in 

 the northeastern United States. 



