QUERCUS 81 



plain (Fig. 71). 



9. Qi virginiana Mill. Live Oak . A broadly-crowned tree 

 15-25 m. high, with a trunk diameter of 6-9 dm; bark thick, dark, 

 furrowed, finally flaky; buds small, 3 mm. long, ovoid, acute, 

 remotely angled, the scales light brown, somewhat pubescent; 

 acorn 1-2 cm. long, ovoid or subglobose, often striate; cups 

 canescent, turbinate, about 1. 5 cm. broad. Sandy soil, near the 

 coast, Texas and Louisiana to Florida-, and Virginia; also in 

 Cuba, Mexico, and Central America. 



10. ^ rubra L. Red Oak. (Q.borealis Michx. ). A tree 

 20-30 m. high, 1-2 m. in diameter, the bark smooth, greenish- 

 brown, on older stems broken into flat- topped ridges separated 

 by narrow fissures; inner bark reddish; twigs glabrous; buds red, 

 more or less hairy, about 5 mm. long; acorn 2-3 cm. long, nar- 

 rowly ovoid or ellipsoid, the cup shallow, saucer-shaped. Upland 

 woods. Prince Edward Island to Minnesota and Nebraska, south 

 to Georgia and Oklahoma (Fig. 72). 



11. Q^ p alustris Muenchh. Pin Oak. A tree 15-40 m. high, 

 6-9 dm. in diameter, easily recognized in winter by the drooping 

 lower branches; twigs brown, glabrous; buds obtuse, brown, 3-4 

 mm. long; acorn globose or depressed, 1-1. 5 cm. long, the cup 

 flat, saucer- shaped, enclosing the nut only at the base. Bottom- 

 lands, Massachusetts to Michigan and Iowa, south to North Caro- 

 lina, Louisiana, and Oklahoma (Fig. 73). 



12. _Q, coccinea Muenchh. Scarlet Oak. A tree 20-30 m. 

 high, with a trunk diameter of 6-9 dm. ; bark of the trunk rough, 

 gray, the inner bark reddish; twigs glabrous; buds more or less 

 silky, brownish-red, 5-6 nam. long; acorn 1.3-2 cm. long, sub- 

 globose or short-ovoid, usually with a few concentric rings about 

 the apex; cup hemispherical, with a conical base. Dry soil, Maine 

 to Ontario, south to Georgia, Mississippi, and Oklahoma (Fig. 74). 



13. Q. shumardii Buckl. Shumard Oak. A large tree 30-45 

 m. high, 1-2 m. in diameter; bark on old trees very thick, broken 

 into pale scaly ridges by deep darker colored furrows; buds 5-6 

 mm. long, ovoid, downy or glabrous; acorn 2-3 cm. long, oblong- 

 ovoid; cup thick, shallow, the scales appressed. Bottomlands, 

 most common on and near the coastal plain, Texas to Florida and 

 Maryland, north in the Mississippi - Ohio Valley to Iowa and West 

 Virginia (Fig. 75). 



14. ^ velutlna Lam. Black Oak. A tree 15-35 m. tall, the 

 trunk 6-12 dm. in diameter; outer bark very dark brown, rough 



