QUERCUS 83 



in low ridges, the inner bark bright orange-yellow; buds large, 

 7-10 mm. long-hairy, angular; acorn ovoid to hemispherical 1.2- 

 2 cm. long, light brown, often pubescent; cup hemispherical. Dry 

 woods. New Hampshire to Minnesota, south to Florida and Texas 

 (Fig. 76 ). 



15. Q. falcata Michx. Spanish Oak . Southern Red Oak . A 

 tree 20-35 m. high, 6-9 dm. in diameter; bark black with broad 

 scaly ridges; buds almost blood-red, more or less silky; acorn 

 1-1. 5 cm. long, the nut enclosed only at the base by the saucer- 

 shaped cup. Moist woods, most common on or near the coastal 

 plain, Texas to Florida and Pennsylvania, north in the Mississippi- 

 Ohio Valley to Missouri and West Virginia (Fig. 77 ). 



16. Q. ilicifolia Wang. Scrub Oak. A straggling shrub or low 

 tree 1-10 m. high, often forming dense thickets; twigs glabrous; 

 buds 4 mm. long, glabrous; acorn globose-ovoid, 1-1.2 cm. long, 

 the cup saucer- shaped. Barrens, Maine to New York, south most- 

 ly in the mountains to West Virginia and North Carolina (Fig. 78 ). 



17. Q. marilandica Muenchh. Blackjack Oak. A tree 10-15 

 m. high, 3-4. 5 dm. in diameter; bark black, very rough and 

 blocky; twigs scurfy-puberulent; buds large, brown, angled; acorn 

 ovoid, 1.5-2.5 cm. long; cup deep, the bracts appressed, pubes- 

 cent. Dry soil, Florida to Texas, north to Maryland, New York, 

 Illinois, and Nebraska (Fig. 79 ). 



18. Q^ imbricaria Michx. Shingle Oak. A tree 8-27 m. high, 

 3-9 dm. in diameter; bark with shallow fissures, the ridges with 

 brown scales; twigs brown, glabrous; buds brown, 3 mm. long, 

 pubescent; acorn subglobose, 1-1.4 cm. high; cup hemispheric, 

 the bracts appressed. Bottomlands, New Jersey to Wisconsin and 

 Nebraska, south to South Carolina and Kansas (Fig. 80 ). 



ULMUS L. (Ulmaceae) 



Deciduous trees. Twigs slender, zigzag, terete; pith small, 

 round, continuous. Buds solitary or multiple, ovoid, obliquely 

 sessile, the terminal lacking; scales about 6, 2-ranked. Leaf- 

 scars alternate, 2-ranked, crescent-shaped or half-round; bundle- 

 traces 3, or multiplied; stipule-scars unequal. 



a. Older twigs often corky-winged, or with 

 irregular corky outgrowths 



b. Twigs often corky-winged 4. U. alata 



b. Twigs often with irregular corky 



ridges 3. U. thomasi 



