DIRCA 155 



upwards in each season's growth and swollen at the nodes; pith 

 small, rounded, essentially continuous. Buds dark-silky, small, 

 solitary, sessile, short-conica-l; terminal bud lacking. Leaf-scars 

 alternate, nearly encircling the bud; bundle-traces 5 or more; 

 stipule-scars none. 



1. D, palustris L. Lcathcrwood. Shrub 1-2 m. high, with 

 flexible branches and very tough bark; twigs forking, glossy. Rich 

 woods. New Brunswick to Minnesota, south to Florida and Louisi- 

 ana (Fig. 224). 



ELAE AGNUS L. (Elaeagnaceae) 



Shrubs or small trees, often spiny, stellate-hairy or with 

 silvery or glistening-brown peltate scales; mostly deciduous. Twigs 

 terete, rather slender; pith small, round, continuous. Buds small, 

 solitary or collaterally branched in spine formation, exceptionally 

 superposed, sessile, round, conical or oblong, with about 4 ex- 

 posed scales. Leaf-scars alternate, half-round, minute; bundle- 

 trace 1; stipule-scars lacking. 



a, Branchlets covered with rusty scales I.E. commutata 

 a. Branchlets silvery 2. E. angustifolia 



1. E^ commutata Bernh. Silverberry . (E. argentea Pursh). 

 Stoloniferous unarmed shrub, 0.3-4 m. high, the younger branches 

 covered with rusty scales. Dry limestone slopes, Cuebec to 

 Alaska, south to Minnesota, South Dakota and Utah. 



2. E_. angustifolia L. Oleaster . Russian Olive . Stoloniferous 

 unarmed shrub to 4 m. high, the younger branches covered with 

 silvery scales. Introduced from Eurasia, spreading somewhat 

 from cultivation (Fig. 225). 



SHEPHERDIA Nutt. (Elaeagnaceae) 



Deciduous shrubs or small trees, often spiny, with glistening 

 fringed silvery or red -brown peltate scales. Twigs subterete, 

 slender; pith small, round, continuous. Buds rather small, soli- 

 tary or multiple, stalked, oblongs, with 2 or 4 valvate scales. Leaf- 

 scars opposite, half-round, minute, slightly raised; bundle-trace 

 1; stipule-scars lacking. 



a. Twigs red-brown-scurfy l.S. canadensis 



a. Twigs silvery-scurfy 2.S. argentea 



1. S. canadensis L. Soapberry . Shrub 0.3-2 m. high; 

 twigs with red-brown scurf. Rocky limestone slopes. Newfound- 



