HALESIA 179 



1. H. Carolina L. Silverbell-Tree. Large shrub or tree up 

 to 10 m. high, with bark separating into small closely appressed 

 scales; twigs glabrate; buds acute, slightly stalked, fruit 2-3.5 

 cm. long, 4-winged. Rich woods, Florida to Texas, north to Vir- 

 ginia, West Virginia, Illinois, Missouri, and Oklahoma (Fig. 276). 



FRAXINUS L. (Oleaceae) 



Large deciduous trees. Twigs rather thick, stiff, divergent, 

 sometimes square, or at least compressed at the nodes; pith often 

 obscurely angled. Buds sessile, superposed, with 2 or 3 pairs of 

 scales, those of the terminal bud often lobed. Leaf- scars opposite, 

 half-round to broadly U-shaped; bundle-traces in a curved group; 

 stipule-scars none. 



a. Twigs rounded 



b. Buds brown or red-brown 



c. Leaf- scars deeply notched at 



the top l.F. americana 



c. Leaf- scars nearly straight 



across the top 2. F. pennsylvanica 



b Buds blue -black 4. F. nigra 



a. Twigs acutely 4-angled 3. F. quadrangulata 



1. F. americana L. White Ash . A tree to 25 m. high, bark 

 gray, furrowed into close diamond -shaped areas; twigs gray, gla- 

 brous or glabrate (densely pubescent in the var. biltmoreana 

 (Beadle) J. Wright (F. biltmoreana Beadle), Biltmore Ash ); leaf- 

 scars deeply notched at the top; buds dark-brown, the terminal 

 broadly ovoid, obtuse. Rich woods, Quebec to Minnesota, south to 

 Florida and Texas (Fig. 277). 



2. F. pennsylvanica Marsh. Red Ash. A tree to 30 m. high, 

 with furrowed bark; twigs gray, velvety pubescent (glabrous in 

 the var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fernald, (F. lanceolata Borkh. ), 

 Green Ash) ; leaf-scars nearly straight across the top; buds rusty 

 brown, pubescent. River-banks, Georgia and Alabama to Texas, 

 north to New England, Quebec, Michigan, Saskatchewan, and Mon- 

 tana (Fig. 278). 



3. F. quadrangulata Michx. Blue Ash . A large tree, usually 

 20-35 m. high; twigs gray, square, or slightly winged, glabrous; 

 buds gray or reddish-brown; leaf-scars obcordate; bundle-traces 



