FRAXINUS 181 



in a lunate line. Woods, Ontario, Michigan and Wisconsin, south 

 to Alabama and Oklahoma (Fig. 279). 



4. F. nigra Marsh. Black Ash. Tree to 25 m. high, with 

 scaly bark; twigs glabrous; leaf-scars nearly orbicular, the bundle- 

 traces in a nearly closed oval; buds blue-black, the terminal 

 broadly ovate-conical. Swamps, Newfoundland to Manitoba, south 

 to West Virginia, Iowa, and North Dakota (Fig. 280 ). 



SYRINGA L. (Oleaceae) 



Upright deciduous shrubs. Twigs moderate, usually somewhat 

 4-lined; pith moderate, continuous, roundish, pale. Buds solitary 

 (rarely multiple), sessile, ovoid, with about 4 pairs of scales; end- 

 bud often absent. Leaf-scars opposite, small; bundle-trace 1, 

 compound; stipule-scars lacking. 



1. S. vulgaris L. Lilac. Upright shrub or small tree to 7 m. ; 

 branchlets glabrous; leaf-scars crescent- or shield -shaped, raised; 

 bud-scales fleshy. Introduced from Europe, cultivated as an orna- 

 mental, sometimes escaping (Fig. 281 ). 



FORSYTHIA Vahl (Oleaceae) 



Loosely branched spreading deciduous shrubs. Twigs some- 

 what 4-sided, moderate; pith moderate, more or less excavated 

 between the nodes. Buds moderate, becoming multiple, fusiform, 

 sessile, with about 6 pairs of scales. Leaf-scars opposite, shield- 

 shaped, rather small, raised; bundle-trace 1; stipule-scars absent. 

 The showy yellow bell-shaped flowers appear in February or March. 



a. Pith solid at the nodes, excavated 



between the nodes 1. F. suspensa 



a. Pith all chambered, or in older 



twigs, all excavated 2. F. viridissima 



1. _F. suspensa (Thunb. ) Vahl. Weeping Golden-bells . Shrub 

 to 3 m. high; branchlets pendulous; pith solid at the nodes, but 

 excavated between the nodes. Introduced from Asia, sometimes 

 spreading slightly from cultivation; 



2. F. viridissima Lindl. Greenstem Golden-bells. Shrub to 

 3 m. high; branchlets green, ascending; pith chambered or finally 

 all excavated. Introduced from Asia, spreading slightly from culti- 

 vation (Fig. 282 ). 



