VIBURNUM 



195 



young branchlets often densely pubescent, sometimes glabrate; 

 drupes blue-black, ellipsoid -ovoid, 5-10 mm. long. Sandy thick- 

 ets, Florida to Texas, north to Massachusetts, West Virginia, 

 Tennessee, and Missouri (Fig. 307 ). 



8. V. recognitum Fernald. Smooth Arrowwood . (V. dentatum 

 of authoFs, not L. ). Shrub 1-3 m. high; branchlets glabrous. Damp 

 thickets. New Brunswick to Ontario, south to South Carolina, Ohio, 

 and Michigan (Fig. 308 ). 



9. V. acerifolium L. Mapleleaf Arrowwood. Dockmackie. 

 Upright shrub to 2 m. high,with pubescent twigs; buds stalked, ap- 

 pressed, with 4 scales; drupes ellipsoid, purple-black. Rocky 

 woods, Quebec to Minnesota, south to Georgia and Tennessee (Fig. 

 309 ). 



10. V. trilobum Marsh. Cranberry-tree . (V. opulus L. var. 

 americanum Ait. ). A nearly smooth upright shrub, 1-4 m. high, 

 with gray bark; twigs glabrous; buds with 2 connate outer scales; 

 drupe orange to red, subglobose to ellipsoid, juicy. Cool woods, 

 Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to West Virginia, Indiana, 

 Iowa, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Washington (Fig. 310 ). 



SAMBUCUS L. (Caprifoliaceae) 



Deciduous soft-wooded shrubs or exceptionally small trees. 

 Twigs more or less angled, thick; lenticels very conspicuous ; pith 

 very large, soft, continuous. Buds solitary or multiple; terminal 

 bud mostly lacking. Leaf-scars opposite, broadly crescent-shapied 

 or triangular, large, more or less connected by lines. 



a. Pith white 1. S. canadensis 



a. Pith brown 2. S. pubens 



1. S. canadensis L. Common Elderberry . Black Elderberry. 

 A stoloniferous shrub to 4 m. high, with pale yellowish-gray twigs. 

 Damp rich soil. Nova Scotia to Manitoba, south to Georgia, Louisi- 

 ana, and Oklahoma (Fig. 311 ). 



2. S. pubens Michx. Red Elderberry . (S. racemosa of authors, 

 not L. ). Shrub to 4 m. tall, with light brown twigs. Rocky woods, 

 Newfoundland to Alaska, south to Georgia, Ohio, Iowa, South 

 Dakota, Colorado, and Oregon (Fig. 312 ). 



BACCHARIS L. (Compositae) 



Soft-wooded tardily deciduous shrubs with resin-passages. 

 Twigs slender, about 8-ridged, green; pith small, crenulate. 



