HISTORY OF PILOBOLUS 



19 



The mode of attack of 

 crystallinus (Fig. 10) 

 was described by 

 Zopf.i The same 

 author ^ discovered 

 Pleotrachelus fulgens, 

 a chytridiaceous spe- 

 cies, in P. Kleinii 

 and showed that, in 

 its turn, the Pleotra- 

 chelus is attacked by 

 a minute parasite 

 which he called Endo- 

 biella destruens. 



The parasitism of 

 Piptocephalis micro- 

 cephala,^ P. arrhiza* 

 Syncephalis reflexa,^ 

 S. nodosa,^ Mortie- 

 rella polycephala,'^ and 

 Dimargaris crystalli- 

 gena ^ on Pilobolus 

 species was observed 

 by van Tieghem in 

 the course of his re- 

 searches on the Mucor- 

 aceae. In treating of 

 the genus Mortierella, 

 he states that the 

 species grow very 

 vigorously as saprophytes 



an unnamed Syncephalis on Pilobolus 

 A ^ B 



Fig. 



10. — Tlie sporangiophore of a fruit-body of 

 Pilobohis crystallinus parasitised by the mycelium 

 of a Syncephalis. A, the mycelium of the parasite 

 m has grown over the sporangiophore and has 

 produced club-shaped appressoria a a o at its 

 surface. Beneath each appressorium inside the 

 sporangiophore is a haustorial bladder b from 

 which haustorial hyphae have been produced. B, 

 a piece of a large sporangiophore : a, an appres- 

 sorium of the Syncephalis ; b, haustorial bladders ; 

 c, haustorial hyphae. Drawn by W. Zopf . From 

 his Die PiYse (1890, p. 15). Magnification: A, 

 250 ; B, 900. 



on sterilised dung, but that when 



^ W. Zopf, " Zur Kenntniss der Infectionskrankheiten niederer Thiere und 

 Pflanzen. No. IV. Einfluss von Parasitismus auf Zygosporenbildung bei Pilobolus 

 crystallinus,'' Nova Acta Acad. Caes. L.-C. Nat. Cur., Bd. LII, 1888, pp. 352-358. 



^ W. Zopf, " Zur Kenntniss der Farbungsursachen niederer Organismen," 1892, 

 loc. cit., pp. 7-8. 



3 P. van Tieghem, loc. cit., p. 148. ^ Ibid., p. 138. ^ Ihid., p. 136. 



6 Ibid., p. 118. ' Ibid., p. 97. « Ihid., p. 157. 



