HISTORY OF PILOBOLUS 



21 



branched (E and F). Each final branch develops into a cylindrical 

 sporangium, and each sporangium forms within itself a chain of 



Fig. 11. — Syncephalis nodosa as a parasite on Pilobolus Kleinii and P. longipes. 



A, an immature fruit-body of P. Kleinii attacked by S. nodosa ; the subsporan- 

 gial swelling has ceased to develop, and the fruit-body is dying or already dead ; 

 the parasite has produced sporangiophores on the basal swelling and stipe. 



B, another young fruit-body of which the subsporangial swelling ceased to de- 

 velop owing to the invasion of the fruit-body by S. nodosa; hyphae of the para- 

 site are growing upwards inside the stipe and subsporangial swelling. C, 

 mycelium of <S'. yiodosa, which was observed growing about a Pilobolus fruit- 

 body, showing characteristic swellings and hyphal anastomoses. D, a mat of 

 basal hyphae, which was observed on the surface of a Pilobolus stipe. E, part 

 of a stipe of P. longipes with jS. nodosa growing upon it ; a, ordinary hyphae of 

 S. nodosa ; b, a basal mat of S. nodosa hyphae from which have sprung three 

 sporangiophores ; c, a young sporangiophore with its swollen head ; d, a spo- 

 rangiophore bearing nine cylindrical sporangia ; e, an old sporangiophore, 

 from which the sporangia have fallen away, with a shaft showing three nodular 

 thickenings. F, a series of stages in the development of sporangia and spores of 

 iS'. nodosa. The end of the sporangiophore : is at first cylindrical, as at a ; then 

 becomes swollen, as at 6 ; and then sends out three or four processes, as at 

 c and d respectively. The processes soon branch, as at d. These branches 

 become cylindrical sporangia, as at e. Two or three spores develop in each 

 sporangium, as at /. Finally, the cylindrical sporangia break away from the 

 sporangiophore and break up into segments, so that each segment contains 

 one spore, as at g. Magnification : A, 8 ; B, 40 ; and C-F, 350. 



two or three spores (F, /). At maturity the sporangia, of which 

 there are often nine on each sporangiophore, separate from the 

 sporangiophore and from one another, and then each sporangium 



