240 



RESEARCHES ON FUNGI 



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secondary apothecia and aerial stipes decay and disappear, the 

 bases of the secondary pseudorhizae persist until the third spring, 

 when the ends of some of them proliferate and then give rise to 

 tertiary fruit-bodies. We thus find that our original pseudorhiza 

 produced in the first spring is either biennial or perennial. In 

 CoUybia fusipes we have an exactly similar arrangement. It is a 



remarkable fact that a perennial pseudo- 

 ."...:. .:'■■ rhiza should have been developed in two 



such diverse fungi as Sarcoscypha pro- 

 tracta and CoUybia fusipes ; but both 

 grow on buried roots, and we can only 

 suppose that, in the course of evolution, 

 in response to this common condition of 

 their environment, they have reacted in 

 a similar manner. 



The Direction of Puffing and the 

 Campanulate Form of the Apothecium. 

 — When a fruit-body puffs, the spores 

 are shot straight outwards from the 

 cup in directions which are parallel to 

 the cup's longitudinal axis. If the fruit- 

 body is upright, as shown in Fig. 116, 

 the spore-cloud is shot up vertically 

 into the air, but if the fruit-body is 

 oblique the spore-cloud is shot away 

 obliquely. 



A large number of fruit-bodies which 

 were gathered at a temperature only 

 just above the freezing-point of water, 

 whilst occasional flakes of snow were 



Fig. 116. — Sarcoscypha protracta. A vertical 

 section through leaf -mould in a Poplar wood 

 at Winnipeg, Manitoba, to show a single fruit- 

 body attached by its rooting base or pseudo- 

 rhiza to a buried root. The scarlet hymenium 

 which covers the conical interior of the cup has 

 just puffed and the spore-stream is represented 

 diagrammatically as rising vertically to a 

 height of about three inches above the top of 

 the fruit-body. Natural size. 



