278 RESEARCHES ON FUNGI 



Ascoboli, the paraphyses of A. stercorarius are anheliotropic {cf. 

 Fig. 132). 



Our Present Knowledge of Ciliaria scutellata. — This fungus 

 (Fig. 133), so well-known under its old name Lachnea scutellata, was 

 transferred to the genus Ciliaria by Boudier,^ in 1885, in his masterly 

 revision of the classification of the Discomycetes. Ciliaria scutellata 

 commonly occurs ^ on damp rotten wood in shady places in woods 

 in the British Islands, Europe, Canada, the United States of 

 America, Java, Tasmania, and probably many other parts of the 

 world. I myself find it every autumn in the woods of Manitoba 

 and of western Ontario.^ Owing to its brilliant red colour and its 

 dark marginal hairs, it attracted the attention of the early botanical 

 systematists and its existence is recorded in the works of Ray ^ 

 (1696), Dillenius^ (1718), VaiUant « (1727), and MicheU ' (1729). 

 Linnaeus ^ described the fungus in the second edition of his Flora 

 Suecica (1755) and called it Peziza scutellata, under which name it also 

 appears in his Sjiecies Plantarum ^ (1753). Illustrations of the fruit- 

 bodies are given in various works on systematic mycology among which 

 may be mentioned those of Cooke, i" Rehm," Lindau,^^ and Hard.^^ 



1 E. Boudier, " Nouvelle Classification Naturelle des Discomycetes Charnus," 

 Bull. Soc. Myc. France, T. I, 1885, p. 105. Vide also his Histoire et Classification 

 des Discomycetes d' Europe, Paris, 1907, p. 61. 



2 M. C. Cooke, Mycographia seu Iconcs Fimgorum, London, Vol. I. 1879, p. 73. 



3 G. R. Bisby and A. H. R. BuUer, " Preliminary List of Manitoba Fungi," Trans. 

 Brit. Myc. Soc, Vol. VIII, 1922, p. 95. 



^ John Ray, Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Britannicarum, ed. II, London, 1696, 

 p. 29, No. 41. 



^ J. J. Dillenius, Catahgus Plantarum sponte circa Gissam nascentium, Franco- 

 furti, 1718, p. 194. 



® S. Vaillant, Botanicon Parisiense, Leide et Amsterdam, 1727, p. 57, No. 8. 



' P. A. Micheli, Nora Plantarum Genera, Florentiae, 1729, p. 206, No. 12. 



8 C. Linnaeus, Flora Suecica, Stockliolmiae, 1755, p. 458. 



^ C. Linnaeus, Species Plantarum, 1753, p. 1181. 



10 M. C. Cooke, loc. cit., Plate XXXIV, Fig. 131 (coloured). 



11 H. Rchm in Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und 

 der Schiceiz, Ed. II, Bd. I, Die Pilze, Abt. Ill, Ascomyceten, p. 1034. Figs. 1-4. 

 Only 1-2 oil drops are shown in each ascospore, instead of a large number as observed 

 by Boudier and myself. 



12 CI. Lindau in Engler und PrantFs Die nat. Pflanzenjamilien, Teil I, Abt. I, 

 Pezizineae, p. 181, Fig. 147, A and B. 



1^ M. E. Hard, The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A., 

 1908, p. 509, Fig. 433 (a good photograph). 



