3o6 



RESEARCHES ON FUNGI 



thus pointed directly upwards (Fig. 147, A), and that the asci on 

 the sides of the cup were all curved upwards toward the central 



Fig. 147. — Galactinia badia. Heliotropism of the asci and paraphyses. Semi- 

 diagrammatic representation of two sections taken in a median -vertical plane 

 through a cupulate fruit-body. The arrows indicate the directions in which 

 the asci point. A, part of the hymenium at the base of a fruit-body (c/. Fig. 

 146) : a, an ascus ready to discharge its spores ; 6, paraphyses ; c, an ascus 

 which has discharged its spores ; the asci and paraphyses point toward the 

 source of light and, therefore, straight upwards toward the middle of the fruit- 

 body's mouth. B, part of the hypothecium (subhymenium) and hymenium on 

 the left side of a fruit-body (c/. Fig. 146) : a, the hypothecium ; b, two asci 

 ready to discharge their spores ; c, an ascus which has discharged its spores and 

 which clearly shows its operculimi attached to the side of its ascostoma ; 

 d, paraphyses ; the asci and paraphyses are heliotropically bent toward the 

 source of strongest light and are therefore directed toward the fruit-body's 

 mouth. The ripe spores have rough outer walls and, as a rule, they each 

 contain two oil-drops. Magnification, 293. 



point of the cup's mouth (Fig. 147, B). The maximum bending of 

 the asci about half-way down the sides of the cup was through an 

 angle of about 45°. It thus became clear that all the asci, wdierever 

 situated in the hymenium, w^ere, as in Aleuria vesiculosa, turned 



