362 



RESEARCHES ON FUNGI 



a long series of intermediate fruit-bodies, some of which are shown 

 in Figs. 181 and 186 (p. 369), it became clear that fruit-bodies which 

 develop pseudorhizae arise as tiny primordia not at the surface of 

 the manure as Weir would have us suppose, but at some distance 

 belotv it. These primordia are at first minute balls about 1 mm. 

 across (Fig. 181, A). They are attached to more sohd parts of the 

 substratum and frequently arise at the surface of a single straw 



making part of a bundle 

 of straws. Their subse- 

 quent growth, no doubt, 

 is accomplished at the 

 expense of an extensive 

 mycelium to which they 

 are attached by their 

 bases. 



In Fig. 181, A-J, 

 are shown pseudorhizae 

 in various stages of de- 

 velopment , after they had 

 been excavated from the 

 m anure pile . In Figs .180 

 and 185 (p. 367) are 

 shown a number of fruit- 

 bodies with shorter or 

 longer fully developed 

 pseudorhizae in, situ mth 

 the surface of the manure pile indicated by means of a broken line. 

 It was found that, when fruit-bodies arise at the surface of the 

 manure, as they sometimes do, no pseudorhizae whatever are 

 formed. In Fig. 182, A to D, are shown stages in the development 

 of fruit-bodies whose origin in the manure pile was superficial. It 

 is clear that the production of a pseudorhiza depends simply on the 

 position of origin of the fruit-body primordium. If the primordium 

 is developed at the top of the substratum, no pseudorhiza is produced 

 (Fig. 182) ; if it is developed one or two inches below the surface of 

 the substratum, the pseudorhiza becomes about one or two inches 

 long (Fig. 180) ; and, if it is developed about four inches below the 



Fig. 182. — Coprinus itmcrorkizus. Fruit-bodies 

 wliich originated at tlie surface of the sub- 

 stratum and have therefore not developed 

 pseudorhizae. A, B, C, E, successive stages 

 of development. D, a section of E showing 

 absence of pseudorhiza ; the spores on tlie gills 

 are ripening from below upwards. Natural 

 size. 



