274 BETULACEAE • FAGACEAE 



CARFINUS— continued 



C. Betulus. Common Hornbeam. 80. April. D. Buds thin and pointed. 

 Ls. 3. Fruiting bracts 3-5-nerved at base. Europe (including Britain) 

 and West Asia. (Fig. 107 j.) 



Variety asplenifolia {laciniata). Fern-leaved Hornbeam. Ls. deeply 

 double-toothed, almost lobed. 

 Variety columnaris. Narrow form. 

 Variety pendula. Weeping form. 

 C. caroliniana. American Hornbeam. 40. April. D. Buds egg-shaped. 

 Ls. 4. Fruiting bracts 5-7-nerved at base. East North America. 

 (Fig. 107 K.) 



CORYLUS. Hazel. Buds rounded. Ls. ov., pointed, unevenly toothed, heart- 

 shaped base, folded in bud. Male catkins drooping, appearing in clusters in late 

 autumn ('lambs' tails'); female fls. very small, bud-like, with red stigmas 

 protruding. Nuts formed in clusters, each nut enclosed in persistent bracts. 



C Avellana. Common Hazel. 20. February. D. Ls. 4, often slightly lobed, 

 stalk short and hairy. Nut f , nearly as long as bracts. Europe (including 

 Britain) and West Asia. (Fig. 108 a.) 

 Variety laciniata. Ls. deeply lobed. 

 Yzrieiy purpurea. Ls. purple. 

 C. Colurna. Turkish Hazel. 80. February. D. Ls. 6. Nut \, bracts deeply 

 divided into linear recurved lobes. South-east Europe to Himalaya. 

 (Fig. 108 B.) 

 C. maxima. Filbert. 20. February. D. Ls. 5. Nut i, set in bracts twice as 

 long as itself. South Europe. (Fig. 108 c.) 

 Variety atropurpurea. Ls. dark purple. 



OSTRYA. Hop Hornbeam. Bark rough. Buds pointed, many-scaled. Ls. ov., 

 4, pointed, double-toothed, parallel-veined, rounded at base. Male catkins droop- 

 ing, appearing in autumn. Nut ribbed, enclosed in bladder-like bracts, in drooping 

 spikes. 



O. carpinifolia. 60. April. D. Nut egg-shaped. South Europe and Asia 



Minor. 

 O.virginica. Ironwood. 50. April. D. Nut spindle-shaped. North America. 

 (Fig. 107 L.) 

 OsTRYOPSis Davidiana. 10. April. D. Buds pointed. Ls. broadly ov., 3, 

 double-toothed, shallowly lobed, heart-shaped base, scattered hairs above, downy 

 and dotted with red glands below, short-stalked. Male catkins |, drooping, appear- 

 ing in autumn in joints of old wood ; female erect, appearing in spring at end of 

 young shoots. Nut enclosed in conical 3-pointed bract. China. (Fig. 108 F.) 



Family 99. FAGACEAE. P (4-7), A4-00, G (3) 



Ls. alternate, stipulate. Fls. small, unisexual, solitary or in stalked heads or 

 slender catkin-like spikes. Fruit of one or more i -seeded nuts enclosed in a husk. 



Castanea sativa. Sweet or Spanish Chestnut. 100. July. D. Bark furrowed. 

 Ls. lane, 9, coarsely and evenly toothed, straight- veined, the veins ending in 

 teeth. Catkins 6, erect. Husk 2, prickly, enclosing two or three red-brown edible 

 nuts. South Europe, North Asia, North Africa. (Fig. 108 d.) 



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