Chapter VII 

 CULTURE TECHNIQUES 



Tissue cultures, whether of plant or animal 

 materials, have for the most part been carried out 

 in three general classes of containers, each class 

 being especially adapted to a particular type of 

 problem. These are, first, cultures in flasks or 

 special vessels of one type or another adapted to 

 the study of relatively large masses of tissue 

 under conditions which involve considerable ex- 

 perimental manipulation (Carrel, 1912, 125, 1923, 

 126, 127; Maximow, 1925, 420; Fell, 1928, 392; 

 Bobbins, 1922, 57; White, 1934, 65; Bonner and 

 Addicott, 1937, 42; Parker, 1934, 427, 1936, 428, 

 429) ; second, cultures in test tubes, likewise 

 adapted to the study of masses of tissues but in 

 general less suitable to their manipulation (Kotte, 

 1922, 51, 52 ; Malyschev, 1932, 53, 54 ; Fiedler, 1936, 

 45; Gey, 1933, 129) ; and, third, hanging-drop cul- 

 tures adapted to the minute study and observation 

 of very small pieces of tissues (Harrison, 1907, 

 131 ; Burrows, 1910, 117 ; Carrel, 1911, 120 ; Lewis 

 and Lewis, 1911, 149 ; Chambers, 1923, 43, 1924, 

 44; White, 1932, 89). By far the most important 



