FERN FA:\IILY 



11 



4. Polystichum scopulinum (D. C. Eaton) Maxcjii. 

 Eaton's Shield-fern. Fig. 21. 



AsJ^idtiim aculeatiim scopiilinuvi D. C. Eaton, Ferns X. Am. 

 2: 125. [>!. 62, f. 8. 1880. 



Polystichum scopulinum Maxon. Fern Bull. 8: 29. 1900. 



Rhizome stout, erect or decumbent, copiously 

 paleaceous ; scales ligiit castaneous, linear to ovate- 

 oblong, attenuate, denticulate. Fronds 6-10, erect- 

 spreading, 15-40 cm. long: stipes 3-14 cm. long, 

 stout, sulcate, densely paleaceous at the base, decidu- 

 ously so (together with the rachis) above; blades 

 linear to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 12- 

 30 cm. long, 2.5-6 cm. broad, pinnate ; pinnae numer- 

 ous, inequilateral, deltoid-ovate to deltoid-oblong, 

 pinnately lobed or divided at the base, less deeply so 

 toward the obtuse to acutish-mucronate apex, the 

 lobes and teeth oblique, pungent, not aristate ; lower 

 pinnae u?ually reduced, distant ; sori numerous, large, 

 close, infra-medial, in 2 confluent rows ; indusia 

 ample, thin, erose-dentate ; leaf tissue coriaceous, 

 deciduously fibrillose-paleaceous beneath. 



Dry cliffs and rock crevices, Canadian and Hudsonian Zones; central Washington to eastern Tdalio, snulli 

 to Utah and southern California; also in Gaspe County, Quebec. Type locality: I'jjper Teton Canon, idatio 



Creek banks and cafions, in 

 Clara, and Santa Cruz Counties, 

 Cruz Mountains, California. 



5. Polystichum californicum ( D. C. Eaton ) Undervv. 

 California Shield-fern. Fig. 22. 



Aspidium californicum D. C. Eaton, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: '5S.=i 

 186S. 



Polystichum californicum Undervv. Nat. Ferns ed. 6, llrt. 

 1900. 



Rhizome stout, suberect. Fronds several, ascend- 

 ^n\ ing, 30-110 cm. long; stipes 6-35 cm. long, stout, sul- 

 ^^^j^ cate, nearly naked above the copiously paleacecus 

 ^^ base, the scales large, dark castaneous, lance-atten- 

 uate to ovate-acuminate; blades linear-oblong to 

 narrowly linear-lanceolate, attenuate, 20-75 cm. long, 

 5-20 cm. l)road. slightly or not reduced at the base, 

 the rachis minutely paleaceous ; pinnae numerous, 

 ascending or spreading (the lower ones deflexed), 

 linear from a broader base, obliquely pinnatifid to 

 pinnately incised, the lobes elliptical, decurrent, close, 

 broadly joined, distinctly aristate, as also the teeth of 

 the large basal segments; sori large, several pairs to 

 each segment or lobe ; indusia large, erose-ciliate ; 

 leaf tissue subcoriaceous, or coriaceous with age, 

 fibrillose beneath. 



the Humid Transition Zone; coast ranges of Sonoma, Napa, Marin, .Sant.n 

 California; also in western Washington (Eatonville). Type locality: Sant* 



