16 



POLYPODIACEAE 



6. Dryopteris arguta (Kaulf.) Watt. 

 Coastal Wood- fern. Fig. 30. 



Aspidium argutum Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 242. 1824. 

 Dryopteris rigida arguta Underw. Nat. Ferns ed. 4, 116. 1893. 

 Dryopteris arguta Watt, Canad. Nat. II. 3: 159. 1866. 



Rhizome stout, woody, short-creeping; scales 

 bright castaneous, ample, thin, lance-oblong or nat- 

 rower, attenuate. Fronds several, close, erect, 35-90 

 cm. long; stipes stout, shorter than the blades, scaly; 

 blades lance-ovate to oblong or deltoid-lanceolate, 

 acuminate, 25-65 cm. long, 10-32 cm. broad, 2-pin- 

 nate or nearly so ; pinnae spreading, oblong-lance- 

 olate, long-acuminate, the lower ones broadest ; pin- 

 nules spreading, distant, subcoriaceous, oblong, 

 mostly rounded-obtuse, biserrate to pinnately incised, 

 the lower basal one semicordate and usualh' over- 

 lying the main rachis ; veinlets spreading, all ending 

 in salient, often cartilaginous, spinelike teeth; sori 

 large, close ; indusia orbicular, firm, strongly convex, 

 with a deep narrow sinus, the margins glandulose. 



Rocky ravines and partially shaded slopes. Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones; southern California 

 (common) northward to western Oregon and the bluffs of the Columbia River above Cathlamet, Washington; 

 Santa Catalina Island; ascribed also to British Columbia. Type locality: California. 



7. Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott. 

 Alale-fern. Fig. 31. 



Polypodium filix-mas L. Sp. PI. 1090. 1753. 



Aspidium filix-mas Swartz, Journ. Bot. Schrad. 1800-: 38. 



1801. 

 Dryopteris filix-mas Schott, Gen. Fil. 1834. 



Rhizome stout, woody, erect or decumbent, very 

 chaffy ; scales fulvous, large, thin, linear to lance- 

 olate, hair-pointed. Fronds in a close crown, ascend- 

 ing. 30-120 cm. long; stipes short, stout, scaly; 

 blades oblong-lanceolate, short-acuminate, slightly 

 narrowed toward the base, 25-100 cm. long, 10-30 cm. 

 broad, nearly 2-pinnate ; pinnae mostly short-stalked, 

 narrowly deltoid-lanceolate, tapering from the broad 

 base, attenuate, the basal ones short, broad, sub- 

 deltoid; segments slightly oblique, close, thin- 

 herbaceous, paler and slightly scaly beneath, mostly 

 oblong, rounded-obtuse, adnate, and slightly decur- 

 rent (the large basal ones subsessile). usually serrate, 

 the teeth oblique, curved, not spinelike; sori large, 

 usually confined to the basal half of the segment; 

 indusia thin, orbicular-reniform, glabrous. 



Rocky woods, Hudsonian and Canadian Zones; Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to Venriont. 

 South Dakota, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Oregon: known also from a single locality in southern 

 California (San Bernardino Mountains); Eurasia. Type locality. European. 



