FERN FAMILY 



21 



Pityrogramma triangularis viscosa (D. C. Eaton) Weatherby, Rhodora 22: 117. 1920. 



Gymnoyrammc triaiiyiilaris ziscosa D. C. Eaton, Ferns N. Am. 2: 16. 1879. 

 Ceroptcris viscosa Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 631. 1902. 

 Pityrogramma -iscosa Maxon. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 173. 1913. 



Stipes reddish brown; blades often small; pinnae few, the upper ones commonly entire, the elongate 

 lower segments of the basal ones usually undulate-crenate only; segments usually few and distant, viscid and 

 often resinous-glandular above, whitish-ceraceous beneath. , 



Moist ravines, Upper and Lower Sonoran Zones; southwestern California (San Diego, Kiverside, and 

 Los Angeles Counties). Type locality: San Diego, California. 



Pityrogramma triangularis pallida Weatherby, Rhodora 22: 119. 1920. 



Stipes blackish, glandular and white-farinose above the base; blades thin, nearly 3-pinnate below; lower 

 pinnules of the basal pinnae elongate, deeply pinnatitid or pinnatisect; segments grayish-fannose above with 

 numerous whitish glands, not viscid, white-ceraceous beneath. , . . ,, . ^ t> .. /-- . 



Rocky situations. Upper Sonoran Zone; foothills bordering the interior valley region, from Butte County 

 to Tulare County, California. Type locality: Pollasky, Madera County, California. 



Pityrogramma triangularis maxoni Weatherby, Rhodora 22: 119. 1920. 



Stipes reddish brown, glossy; blades nearly 3-pinnate below, the lower pinnules of the basal pinnae 

 elongate, very deeply pinnatifid; segments subcoriaceous, sparsely yellowish-glandular above, light yellow or 

 griseous-ceraceous beneath; spores trilobate. . ■ „ ..^ . j j- ^ _»■ .. „* 



Rockv caiions. Upper Sonoran Zone, desert region of southeastern California and adjacent portions ot 

 Arizona, Sonora, and Lower California. Type from the head of Rincon \ alley, Arizona, alt. osUU tt. 



10. STRUTHIOPTERIS Scop. Fl. Carn. 168. 1760. 

 [LoMARiA Willd. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 3: 160. 1809.] 



Terrestrial or epiphytic, mainly forest ferns of various habit, the woody rhizoines 

 scandent to short-creeping (erect in a few tropical species). Fronds cespitose or obliquely 

 imbricate in arrangement, dimorphous, the often narrow blades pinnatisect or sunply pin- 

 nate, the sterile ones spreading or ascending, numerous, the fertile, ones few, long-stipitate, 

 with linear, entire, wholly soriferous segments. Sorus elongate-linear, parallel to the midrib, 

 borne just short of the margin upon a continuous thickish receptacle joining the few short, 

 otherwise free veins running obliquely from the midrib; indusium intramarginal. facing the 

 midrib and at first meeting it, entire to lacerate, often reflexed at maturity, the numerous 

 sporangia covering the lower surface of the segment. [Greek for ostrich and fern.] 



Nearly 150 species, mainly of temperate regions, 25 occurring in tropical North America. Only the 

 following, the type species, is found in the United States. 



1. Struthiopteris spicant (L.) Weis. 

 Deer-fern. Fig. 40. 



Osmnnda spicant L. Sp. PI. 1066. 1753. 



Blcchnum spicant J. E. Smith, Mem. Acad. Sci. Turin 5: 411. 

 1793. 



Lomaria spicant Desv. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 5: 325. 

 1811. 



Struthiopteris spicant Weis, PL Crypt. Gott. 287. 1770. 



Rhizome short-creeping, 5-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm, thick, 

 woody; scales linear to lance-attenuate, 5-10 mm. long, 

 castaneous. Sterile fronds numerous, in a circular 

 crown, spreading or ascending, 15-100 cm. long, ever- 

 green; stipes 2-30 cm. long, yellowish brown to castane- 

 ous ; blades linear to linear-oblanceolate, 13-80 cm. long, 

 2-9 cm. broad, pinnatisect, or pinnate at the long-atten- 

 uate base, the basal segments broad, often distant; seg- 

 ments 30-80 pairs, horizontal, subfalcate, mostly linear 

 to linear-oblong, roundish at the apex (the tip acute), 

 dilatate, entire or crenulate, glabrous, paler beneath. 

 Fertile fronds few, central, erect, 40-150 cm. long; 

 stipes long, castaneous ; blades similar to the sterile ones 

 in outline, pinnate, with many small basal segments ; 

 pinnae distant, mostly very narrowly linear from a 

 dilatate base. 



Damp, mostly coniferous forests, in the Humid Transition Zone; Alaska, south in the mountains to the 

 Santa Cruz Peninsula, California, mainly near the coast; Eurasia. Type locality, European. 



