PINE fa:\iily 



•S3 



Cones unsymmetiical, their outer scales much enlarged and mammillate, remaining closed and 

 persistent on the branches often for many years. 

 Outer cone-scales with rounded apophysis. 12. P. radiata. 



Outer cone-scales with prominent, knob-like apophysis. 13. P. attetiuata. 



Cone-scales prolonged into stout, straight or incurved spur-like spines; cones 15-35 cm. long, heavy. 

 Leaves gray-green and drooping; cones broad-ovate, chocolate brown; seeds longer than the 

 wings. 



14. P. sabiniana. 



Leaves blue-green, erect; cones oblong-conical, light brown; seeds shorter than the wings. 



15. P. coulteri. 

 Leaves in 2-leaved clusters; cones small. 



Cones nearly symmetrical, opening at maturity, and deciduous, armed with minute prickles. 



16. P. contorta. 



Cones decidedly unsymmetrical, persistent and remaining closed for a number of years; outer 

 scales much enlarged; prickles stout. 17. P. miincata. 



1. Pinus monticola Dougl. 

 Western or ^Mountain White Pine. 



Fig. 112. 



Piuiis monticola Dougl.; Lamb. Pinus ed. 2, 3: 27. pi. 67. 1837. 



Pinus strobiis monticola Nutt. N. Am. Sylva 3: 118. 1849. 



Pinus monticola minima Lemmon, Rep. Calif. State Board Forestry 2: 70. 



1888. 

 Pinus monticola por[<hxrocarpa Masters, Journ. Hort. Soc. 14: 235. 1892. 

 Strobus monticola Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 13. 1060. 1917. 



Tree forming a slender trunk, 8-24 dm. in diameter and 

 30-50 m. in height, with a narrow short-branched symmetrical 

 crown when growing in dense forests, or scarcely half as tall 

 and forming an irregularly branched crown when growing in 

 open forests ; branchlets stout, brownish ^nd puljerulent the 

 first year, becoming glabrous the second year; bark 2-4 cm. 

 thick, divided into small nearly square plates. Leaves 5-10 cm. 

 long, in 5-leaved clusters, usually obtuse at apex, bluish green 

 and glaucous, marked by several white bands of stomata on 

 the central side, persistent for 2 or 3 years : staminate flowers 

 8 mm. long; cones deciduous soon after shedding the seeds in 

 the autumn of the second year, cylindric, 10-20 cm. long, light 

 brown ; seeds brown, mottled with black, 8 mm. long ; wings 25 

 mm. long, acute. 



A characteristic tree of the Canadian Zone;- southern British Columbia 

 eastward to the Continental Divide in northern Montana, southward through 

 the mountains of Washington and Oregon to the southern Sierra Nevada, 

 California. Best developed in northern Idaho and Montana, where it forms 

 extensive forests. Attains an age of 500-600 years. Wood light, soft, fine, 

 and straight-grained, of high commercial value. Type locality: mountains 

 near the Grand Rapids of Columbia River. 



2. Pinus lambertiana 



Sugar Pine. 



Fig. 



Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Trans. Linn. Soc. 



Dougl. 



113. 



15: 500. 1827. 



height of about 75 

 m., the principal 



Largest of all pines, attaining a 

 m. and a maximum diameter of 4 m., the 

 branches usually horizontal, branchlets pubescent. Bark 

 of older trees 5-8 cm. thick, divided into elongated plate- 

 like ridges covered with loose purple-brown or cinna- 

 mon-colored scales. Leaves in fives, stout, rigid, sharp- 

 pointed. 7-10 cm. long, marked on the two sides by several 

 rows of stomata, persistent until the second or third year, 

 their re^in ducts surrounded by strengthening cells ; 

 staminate flowers 8-10 mm. long, light yellow ; cones on 

 stalks 5-8 cm. long, shedding the seeds in the autumn and 

 falling the following summer, cylindric, 25^0 cm. long or 

 rarely 55 cm. long, light brown ; their scales often 4 cm. 

 wide ; seeds 12 mm. long, dark brown or nearly black ; 

 wings 25 mm. long, 10-12 mm. wide, rounded at apex. 



Mountain slopes. Transition Zone; Xorth Fork of Santiam River, 

 Oregon, southward through the Coast Ranges, and the- Sierra 

 Nevada to San Pedro Martir Mountain, Lower California. The 

 Sugar Pine is one of the characteristic trees of the great forest belt 

 of the Sierra Nevada. It reaches its greatest size on the western 

 slope of the central .Sierra Nevada, where especially handsome speci- 

 mens are found associated with the Giant Sequoia. It is a long-lived 

 tree, reaching an age of 500 to nearly 600 years. The wood is light, 

 soft, straight-grained, with a light red-brown heartwood of high 

 commercial value. Wounds in the heartwood often exude a sweet 

 sugar-like substance. Type locality: on the headwaters of the L'mp<iua 

 River, Oregon. 



