54 



PINACEAE 



Lower Cali 



3. Pinus flexilis James. Limber Pine. Fig. 114. 



Piniis flexilis James, in Long Exped. 2: 34. 1823. 



Tree, 15-25 m. high, with a short stout trunk 1.5- 

 2.5 m. in diameter; young branchlets pubescent, soon 

 glabrous ; bark on branches thin, smooth, light gray 

 or silvery white, on older trunks breaking into dark 

 brown plates covered by thin scales, and hnally 25-50 

 mm. thick. Leaves stout, stiff, slightly curved, sharp- 

 pointed, dark green, marked on all sides by 1-4 rows 

 of stomata, persistent until the iifth or sixth year; 

 staminate flowers reddish, oval, 10 mm. long; cones 

 on stout, short stalks, oval or subcylindric, 8-25 cm. 

 long, light brown and more or less tinged with 

 purple, their scales thickened and often incurved at 

 apex, opening at maturity ; seeds dark reddish brown, 

 mottled with l^lack, 10-12 mm. long, compressed; 

 wings usually persistent on the. scale after the seeds 

 have fallen. 



Widely scattered over the Rocky Mountain and Great Basin 

 regions in the Boreal Zones; Alberta and Montana to New 

 Mexico, west to Oregon and California. In Oregon it occurs 

 in the Wallowa and Warner Mountains. Li California on the 

 VVarner, Panamint, and Inyo Mountains, the eastern slope of 

 the Sierra Nevada south of Mono Pass, and in southern Cali- 

 fornia on Pinos, North Baldy, San Bernardino, San Gorgonio, 

 and San Jacinto Peaks; also on San Pedro Martir Mountain, 

 Type locality: Rocky Mountains of Colorado. 



4. Pinus albicaiilis Engelm. 

 White-bark Pine. Fig. 115. 



Finns albicatdis Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 209. 1863. 



Pinus Shasta Carr. Trait. Conif. ed. 2, 390. 1867 



Pinus flexilis albicaulis Engelm. in S. Wats. Bot. Lalit. 2: 1-4. 1881). 



A low alpine tree with crooked or twisted trunk, 5-15 ^^ 

 m. high, or on exposed slopes prostrate, and 0.5-1.5 m. in ^' 

 diameter ; branches short and stout, usually erect ; bark 

 thin, about 1 cm. thick on old trunks, divided by narrow 

 fissures into thin, whitish or brownish scales. Leaves 

 35-75 mm. long, dark green, stout, stiff, slightly curved, 

 marked on the back by 1-3 rows of stomata, persistent 

 for 7-8 years ; staminate flowers about 10 mm. long ; cones 

 oval to subglobose, 35-75 mm. long, purple, remaining 

 closed after" maturity and eventually breaking up. their 

 scales often armed with a stout pointed umbo; seeds 

 10-12 mm. long, dark brown and hard; wings thin, very 

 narrow, remaining on the scale. 



A characteristic tree of the Hudsonian Zone, often forming the 

 timber line; ranging from British Columbia and Alberta to north- 

 western Wyoming and the high mountains of the Pacific Coast as 

 far south as the southern Sierra Nevada. Wood light, soft, close- 

 grained, brittle, light brown. Type locality: Cascade Mountains, Oregon, at 



lout latitude 44° 



5. Pinus balfouriana ]\Iurr. 

 Foxtail Pine. Fig. 116. 



Pinus balfouriana Murr. Rep. Bot. Exped. Oreg. 1. pi. 3, f. 1. 1853. 

 A low tree 7-15 m. high, with a trunk 6-15 dm. in 

 diameter ; branches spreading, stout and short ; branch- 

 lets appearing brush-like, with long, dense clusters of 

 appressed leaves; bark thin, smooth and white, be- 

 coming red-brown, 2 cm. thick, divided into broad, 

 flat ridges. Leaves curved, closely appressed to the 

 branches, 25-35 mm. long, stout, stiff, dark blue-green 

 on the back, whitish on the inner surfaces, with many 

 rows of stomata, entire; staminate flowers, 10-12 mm. 

 long; cones 35-75 mm. long, ovoid, sessile, dark red- 

 dish brown, their scales thickened and ridged, some- 

 what 4-sided, armed with minute incurved prickles; 

 seeds pale, mottled with purple, 8 mm. long, their 

 wings 25 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, obliquely narrowed at 



apex. 



A sul)alpine tree in the Hudsonian Zone, growing on granite 

 at high elevations in the California mountains in two widely 

 separated districts. In the northern district it occurs at altitudes 

 of 6000-8000 ft. on Scott Mountains in Siskiyou County, on 

 Mount Eddy and southward to Voilo BoUy, Trinity County. In the 

 southern district it occurs at altitudes of 10,000-11,000 feet in 

 the southern Sierra Nevada, from the middle Tule River to 

 Olanche Mountain. Type locality: Scott Mountains, California. 



