56 



PINACEAE 



9. Pinus torreyana Parry. Torrey Pine. Fig-. 120. 



Pinus torreyana Parry, Bot. Mex. Bound. 210. pi. 5S, 59. 1859. 

 / iiiiis lophosperma Lindl. Gard. Chron. 1860: 46. 1860. 



A small tree, 10-20 m. high, with a branched 

 trunk, 4-7 dm. in diameter, and broad, open crown; 

 bark 20-35 mm. thick, red-brown, irregularly 

 divided into broad flat ridges. Leaves in fives, 20- 

 30 cm. long, dark dull green on the back, marked 

 on all surfaces with many rows of stomata, per- 

 sistent for 3 or 4 years ; staminate flowers, 

 cylindric, 25-35 mm. long ; cones on elongated 

 stout stalks, broadly ovoid, 10-15 cm. long, chest- 

 nut brown, shining, their scales thickened at the 

 apex into a low pyramidal knob, armed with a 

 minute prickle ; seeds oval, 20-25 mm. long, with 

 a hard and thick shell ; wings nearly surrounding 

 the seeds, about 1 cm. high. 



The rarest and most restricted in its distribution of all 

 the American pines. Found in two small colonies in the 

 Upper Sonoran Zone, one on the eastern end of Santa 

 Rosa Island, off the coast of southern California, the other 

 on the mainland near Del Mar, San Diego County. Type 

 locality: Soledad Caiion, San Diego County, California. 



10. Pinus ponderosa Dougl. Western Yellow Pine. Fig. 121. 



Finns ponderosa Dough; Lavvson, Agric. Man. 354. 1836. 



Pinus benthamiana Hartweg, Journ. Hort. Soc. Lend. 2: 189. 1847. 



Pinus beardsleyi Murr. Edinb. New Phil. Journ. IT. 1: 286. pi. 6. 1855. 



Pinus craigana Murr. Edinb. New Phil. Journ. II. I: 288. pi. 7. 1855. 



A forest tree, attaining an age of from 300 

 to 500 years, often 50-75 m. high and 15-25 

 din. in diameter; branches short, generally 

 turned upward at the ends and forming a 

 regular spire-like crown, or in open forests 

 in dry situations, often flat-topped ; branch- A ; 

 lets orange-colored, becoming dark in age, not 

 glaucous ; bark on old trees often 7-10 cm. 

 thick, separated into large russet-red plates, 

 usually several inches wide, covered with small 

 concave scales. Leaves in threes, bright yellow- 

 green, forming dense brush-like tufts at the 

 ends of the naked branches, persistent for 

 about 3 years, 12-25 cm. long, stomatiferous on 

 all three sides ; staminate flowers in short 

 crowded clusters, cylindric, 2-3 cm. long ; cones 

 subterminal. horizontal or somewhat deflexed, 

 short-stalked, oval, 7-15 cm. long, reddish 

 brown, shedding the seeds the second year, and 

 soon falling, their scales thin, light, narrow, 



thickened at the apex and armed with slender prickles ; seeds ovate, acute, 6-7 mm. long, with 

 a thin dark purple more or less mottled shell; wings broadest below the middle, oblique at 

 apex, 25-35 mm. long. 



The most characteristic tree of the Arid Transition Zone, forming open park-like forests; British Columbia 

 to Idaho, south through the Pacific States and western Nevada to northern Lower California. Replaced in 

 the Rocky Mountain region by the variety scopulorum Engelm. Wood hard, strong, of great commercial 

 value. Type locality: Spokane River, Washington. 



