PINE FAMILY 



57 



11. Pinus Jeffrey! Murr. Jeffrey or Black Pine. Fig. 122. 



Piinis ji'fficvi Murr. Rep. Bot. Exped. Oreg. 2. 



pi. 1. 1853. 

 Pimis deflcxa Torr. Bot. Me.x. Bound. 209. 1859. 

 Pinits ponderosa jeffrexi Vasey, Rep. U. S. Dept. 



Agric. 179. 1875. 



A forest tree, 30-60 m. high, and 12-18 

 dm. in diameter, branchlets glaucous ; bark 

 on old trees reddish-brown, divided into 

 large, irregular plates. Leaves in threes, 

 12-25 cm. long, persisting for 5-9 years, 

 forming dense foliage, usually dull blue- 

 green, especially on young trees ; staminate 

 flowers, 20-35 mm. long ; cones subterminal, 

 horizontal, short-stalked, broadly oval, 

 15-30 cm. long, becoming light russet- 

 brown after opening, their scales about 20 

 cm. wide, thickened at apex and armed by 

 a slender prickle, arising from a low 

 slightly depressed umbo ; seeds about 12 

 mm. long. 



Coniferous forests in the Upper Arid Transi- 

 tion and Canadian Zones; Siskiyou Mountains, 

 southern Oregon southward through the Sierra 

 Nevada and the mountains of southern California 

 to San Pedro Martir Mountain, Lower California, 

 usually growing at higher altitudes than the West- 

 ern Yellow Pine, associated with the Red Fir. 

 Pure forests of typical trees readily distinguishable 

 from P. ponderosa are often encountered in the 

 Sierra Nevada, but in some localities the two 

 species seem to intergrade. The two are best dis- 

 tinguished by the size of the cones, the color of 

 the leaves and by the branchlets being glaucous or 



not glaucous. The odor of the two is also different, and many woodsmen can 

 by that alone. Wood similar to the preceding species. Type locality: Shasta 



readily 

 Valley, 



dist 

 Call 



inguish them 

 fornia. 



12. Pinus radiata Don. 

 jVIonterey Pine. Fig. 123. 



Pinus radiata D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 441. 

 Pinus tuherculata D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 411. 

 Pinus insignis Loud. Arb. Brit. 4: 2265. /. 2170-2172. 

 Pinus calif ornica Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey 393. 



1836. 

 1836. 

 1838. 

 1841. 



A tree 20-30 m. high, with a trunk 3-10 dm. 

 in diameter, and a symmetrical pyramidal crown 

 or, in age, becoming flat-topped ; bark blackish 

 brown, divided into narrow ridges. Leaves in 

 threes or rarely twos, bright, glossy green, 8-15 

 cm. long, slender, persisting for 3 years; stami- 

 nate flowers, 12 mm. long, yellow ; cones remain- 

 ing closed and persistent on the trees for many 

 years, short-stalked, deflexed, 7-14 cm. long, light 

 brown and shining, ovoid, bluntly pointed, strik- 

 ingly unsymmetrical, the lower scales on the out- 

 side much thickened into smooth mammillate 

 knobs at apex and armed by slender prickles 

 that usually weather off; seeds black, roughened, 

 6-7 mm. long; wings brown with longitudinal 

 stripes, 12-18 mm. long. 



A maritime species of central California, occurring between Pescadero and Santa Cruz, on the 

 Monterey Peninsula and at San Simeon Bay. The largest area is at Monterey, where it forms an 

 extensive forest, extending inland 6 or 7 miles and southw-ard along the coast about 20 miles. Wood 

 iight, soft, weak, and of little commercial value. Type locality: Monterey, California. 



Pinus radiata binata (S. Wats.) Lemmon. West-Am. Cone-Bearer. 42. 1895. This is an insular 

 variety occurring on Santa Rosa Island off the coast of southern California, and on Guadaloupe Island off 

 the coast of Lower California. It is distinguished by the stouter leaves, in clusters of two, and by the 

 deflexed scale tips in the ovulate flowers. 



