58 



PINACEAE 



13. Pinus attenuata Lemmoii. Knob-cone Pine. Fiof. 124. 



Piiiiis tuberciilata Gord. Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. 4: 218. 1849, not 

 Don. 1836. 



Pinus calif ornica Hartw. Journ. Ilort. Soc. Lond. 2: 189. 1847, not 

 Hook. & Arn. 1841. 



Pinus attenuata Lemmon, Gard. & Forest 5: 65. 1892. 



A small tree, usually 8-15 m. high or occasionally 

 up to 30 m. high, with a trunk 30-60 cm. in diameter, in 

 age forming a straggling crown with sparse foliage, 

 bark on old trunks 6-12 mm. thick, shallowly divided 

 into low ridges and broken into loose scales. Leaves 

 in threes, slender, stiff, pale yellowish green, marked on 

 all sides by stomata, 8-17 cm. long, persisting for 4 or 

 5 years; staminate flowers, 12 mm. long; cones short- 

 stalked, often clustered in whorls, remaining closed and 

 persistent on the branches for many years, light brown, 

 narrowly ovoid, unsymmetrical, the scales on the outer 

 side enlarged into prominent tranversely flattened knobs, 

 armed with thick flattened incurved prickles; seeds 

 nearly oval, 6 mm. long; wings narrow, 35 mm. long. 



Dry, gravelly mountain slopes at low altitudes, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones; extend- 

 ing from the Mackenzie River, Oregon, southward through the Coast- Ranges and the Sierra Nevada to 

 the San Bernardino Mountains, southern California. The persistence of the cones has long attracted 

 attention to this tree. They remain unopened for 30 years or more and often may be seen scattered 

 along the trunks half buried in the bark. They seem never to open until the tree or branch dies. 

 The species is therefore well adapted to fire conditions. Cones that have been accumulating for years 

 open and discharge their seeds after a fire, so that a new forest is assured. Type locality : Santa Cruz 

 Mountains, California. 



14. Pinus sabiniana Dougl. Digger Pine. Fig. 125. 



Pinus sabiniana Dougl. Trans. Linn. Soc. 16: 747. 1833. 



A tree 12-18 m., or occasionally twice as high, 

 with a trunk 10-12 dm. in diameter, divided 5-6 m. 

 above the ground into several large secondary 

 trunks and forming an open crown with scattering 

 branches and sparse foliage ; bark 20-35 mm. thick, 

 divided into low, broad ridges, covered by large v\^ 

 brown scales. Leaves drooping, 20-30 cm. long, \ \ 

 stout, gray-green, marked on all sides by numerous ^^-^z "^ 

 bands of stomata, persisting for 3 or 4 years; 

 staminate flowers cylindric, 3-4 cm. long, cones 

 long-stalked, deflexed, broadly ovoid or sub-globose 

 when open, 15-25 cm. long, chocolate brown, matur- 

 ing the seeds the second year and slowly shedding 

 them for several months, remaining on the trees for 

 several years ; cone-scales ending in stout, flattened, 

 spur-like projections 25 mm. long, those above the 

 middle incurved, the lower recurved ; seeds rounded 

 below, slightly compressed toward the apex, 2 cm. 

 long, with a thick, hard, blackish brown shell ; wing 

 encircling the seed, about 8 mm. high at apex. 



A characteristic tree of the Upper Sonoran Zone in the foothills surrounding the great valley of 

 central California, extenditig from the head of Sacramento Valley to the Sierra Liebre, Los Angeles 

 County. Wood hard, coarse-grained, of little coinmercial value. The seeds are an important article of 

 food of the California Indians, hence its name. Type locality: ])robably near San Juan, California. 



