PINE FAMILY 



59 



Fig. 126. 



15. Pinus coulteri D. Don. Coulter or Big Cone Pine. 



Piinis coulteri D. Don, Trans. Linn. .Soc. 17: 440. 1837. 



Pinus macrocarf^a Lindl. Bot. Reg. 26: misc. 61. 1840. 



Pinus coulteri diabloensis Lemmon, Bull. Sierra Club 

 4: 130. 1902. 



Tree 15-25 m. high with a trunk 4-12 dm. 

 in diameter and a broadly pyramidal or un- 

 symmetrical crown, branchlets stout, densely 

 clothed with large bunches of leaves, very 

 rough ; bark blackish brown, deeply divided 

 into wide ridges roughly clothed with scales, 

 35-50 mm. thick. Leaves not drooping, 15-30 

 cm. long, stout, deep blue-green, marked by 

 many bands of stomata on all sides, persisting 

 for 3 or 4 years ; staminate flowers, cylindric, 

 25 mm. long ; cones long-ovate, 25-30 cm. long, 

 about half as broad when open, bufif color, 

 shedding the seeds during the fall and winter 

 of the second year, persisting on the trees for 

 5 or 6 years ; cone-scales ending in stout, in- 

 curved, flattened, spur-like projections, often 

 over 25 mm. long; seeds blackish brown. 12-18 mm. long; wings red-brown, 25-30 mm. long. 



Inner coast ranges of California from Mt. Diablo southward through the mountains of southern Cali- 

 fornia to San Pedro Martir Mountain, Lower California. Wood soft, coarse-grained, suitable for second- 

 class lumber. Type locality: Santa Lucia Mountains, California. 



16. Pinus contorta Loud. 

 Lodge-pole or Tamarack Pine. Fig. 127. 



Finns contorta Loud. Arb. Brit. 4: 2292. /. 2210, 2211. 1838. 



Pinus boursieri Carr. Rev. Hort. 1854: 225. 1854. 



5> Pinus bolanderi Pari. DC. Prod. 16-: 379. 1869. 



.. Pinus contorta bolanderi Vasey, Rep. U. S. Dept. Agric. 18: 

 ^ 177. 1875. 



Pinus contorta hendersoni Lemmon, West-Am. Cone-Bearers 

 30. 1895. 



Pinus tenuis Lemmon, Erythea 6: 77. 1898. 



A low, scrubby, maritime tree, seldom over 10 m. 

 high, with a short trunk rarely over 4-5 dm. in 

 diameter, and thick branches forming a round- 

 topped, often picturesque crown ; bark dark, about 

 25 mm. thick, becoming rough and ridged, clothed 

 with closely appressed scales ; wood light, hard, light 

 red-brown, coarse-grained. Leaves in twos, usually 

 slender, dark green, 3-5 cm. long, densely clothing 

 the branches and persisting for 2 or 3 or rarely more years ; staminate flowers. 8 mm. long, 

 orange red; cones ovoid and somewhat oblique, 3-5 cm. long, chestnut brown and shining, 

 opening at maturity and soon falling or persisting for many years; cone-scales thin, con- 

 cave, armed with long slender prickles; seeds 4 mm. long; wings 8-12 mm. long. 



A maritime species extending from Alaska southward along the coast to Albion River, Mendocino 

 County, California. Throughout the greater part of the range this maritime form remains typical, but 

 m western Oregon, where their ranges converge, intergradation between it and the variety seems 

 complete. Type locality: m northwest America, in swampy ground near the sea coast, and abundantly near 

 Cape Disappointment and Cape Lookout. 



Pinus contorta murrayana (Balf.) Engelm. in S. W'ats. Bot. Calif. 2: 126. 1880. {Pinus inurravana 



if- 1 P' Bot. Oreg. Exped. 2. />/. 3, 62. 1853.) Differs from the coastal form mainly in the exceedingly 



thin bark, which is rarely more than 5-6 mm. thick, neither ridge nor furrowed, but covered by loosely 



appressed scales. A straight-trunked tree, where not wind-swept, usually 20-25 m. or occasionally 50 m. 



nigh, with a trunk 6-10 dm. or rarely 15-18 dm. in diameter; branches slender, forming a long narrow crown. 



Usually on the borders of mountain lakes and meadows, in the Canadian Zone; Valley of the Yukon 

 Kiver and the interior plateau region of British Columbia eastward to the eastern slopes of the Rocky 

 Mountains, southward to southern Colorado and along the high mountains of the Pacific Coast to San Pedro 

 Martir Mountain, Lower California. Forms great forests in the Columbia Basin, Montana, and northern 

 \\ yoming In the Sierra Nevada a subalpine species, and especially well developed on the borders of moun- 

 tain meadows. Type locality: on the Siskiyou Mountains. 



