PINE FAMILY 



61 



l.arix lyallii Pari. 

 259. 1863. 



Finns Ivallii Pari. 



2. Larix lyallii Pari. Alpine Larch 



Enuni. Sem. Hort. Reg. Mur. Flor 

 in DC. Prod. 16'-: 412. 1868. 



Fig. 



130. 



A small tree 15-25 m. high and 5-6 dm. or 

 rarely 12 dm. in diameter, with long, irregular 

 branches., forming an unsymmetrical crown ; 

 young branchlets densely covered with a fine 

 white tomentum until the second year ; bark 

 rarely over 2 cm. thick, indistinctly furrowed, 

 covered with loose, reddish brown or purplish 

 scales. Leaves 4-angled, short-pointed, stiff, 

 25-35 mm. long, pale blue-green ; cones ovate, 

 acutish. nearh- sessile or on slender stalks ; 

 scales fringed and covered with matted hairs 

 on the lower surface ; bracts much longer than 

 the scales, long-pointed; seeds 3 mm. long. 



An alpine tree often growing at timber line, Hud- 

 sonian Zone: ranging from the Continental Divide, in 

 western Alberta, to the Cascade Mountains and south- 

 ward to northern Montana; Nez Perces Pass, Idaho, 

 and Mt. Hood, Oregon. Wood heavy, hard and strong, 

 reddish-brown. Trees 5 dm. in diameter have been 

 found to be 450-500 years old. Type locality: "Cascade 

 Mountains et Galton Ranges Rocky Mountains latitudinis 49 ad 2100 et 



2300 m 



3. PICEA Link, Abh. Akad. Berlin. 1827: 179. 1827-30. 



Tall forest trees with tapering trunks, pyramidal crowns, slender, whorled branches, 



thin scaly bark and light-colored wood, containing numerous resin ducts. Leaves spirally 



arranged, extending from all sides of the branchlets or sometimes appearing 2-ranked by the 



twisting of those on the lower side, persisting for 7-10 years, linear and entire, jointed at 



the base to a prominent persistent woody base, 4-sided and stomatiferous on all sides, or 



fiattenned and stomatiferous only on the upper side or only on the lower side. Flowers 



terminal or in the axils of the leaves, the staminate composed of numerous spirally arranged 



anthers opening lengthwise, surrounded at base by the bud-scales, the ovulate ovate to 



cylindrical, with numerous round or pointed scales in the axils of accrescent bracts. Cones 



maturing the first autumn, pendent, ovoid to oblong-cylindric, usually scattered over the 



upper half of the tree ; scales thin, much longer than the bracts, persistent on the axis 



of the cone. Seeds without resin ducts, much shorter than the wings; cotyledons 4-15. 



[Xame ancient.] 



About 18 species of the north temperate zone. Besides the following, four other species occur in North 

 America. Type species, Picea abies (L.) Karst. 



Leaves 4-sided, with stomata on all 4 sides. , 1. P. engehnanni. 



Leaves flattened,' usually with stomata only on the upper side. 



Branchlets pubescent; cone-scales entire. 



Branchlets glabrous; cone-scales finely dentate above the middle. 



2. P. breweriana. 



3. P. sHcheiisis. 



1. Picea engelmanni (Parry) 

 Eneelm. 



Fig. 131. 



Engelmann's Spruce. 



Picea engelmanni Parry; Engelm. Trans. St. 



Louis Acad. 2: 212. 1863. 

 Piniis commiitata Pari, in DC. Prod. 16=: 417. 



1868. 

 Picea Columbiana Lemmon, Card. & Forest 10: 

 183. 1897. 



A forest tree attaining a maximum 

 height of 50 m. with a trunk 1-1.5 m. in 

 diameter, branches spreading in regular 

 whorls, forming a narrow, compact, 

 pyramidal crown, branchlets slender, 

 pubescent for 3-4 years ; bark broken 

 into large, loose scales, brownish gray. 

 Leaves ill-scented, 25-30 mm. long, soft 

 and flexible, with acute, callous tips, 

 slender and straight or incurved, with 

 3-5 rows of stomata on each side, 

 glaucous when young, becoming dark 

 purple; cones sessile or short-stalked, 

 about 5 cm. long, oblong-cylindric, light 

 chestnut-brown and shining, deciduous 

 in the winter after the seeds have 

 fallen; scales thin and flexible, broadest 

 near the middle, gradually narrowed 



