62 



PINACEAE 



above into the truncate or acute apex, 

 seeds nearly black, 3 mm. long. Wood 

 used for general carpentry. 



Mountain slopes of the Canadian Zone; 

 to Arizona, and on the eastern slopes of 

 Mountains. 



wedge-shaped below, erose-dentate to nearly entire; 

 weak, light, soft, and close-grained, yellowish white; 



British Columbia southward through the Rocky Mountains 

 the Cascade Mountains to Oregon. Type locality: Rocky 



2. Picea breweriana S. Wats. 

 Brewer's or Weeping Spruce. Fig. 132. 



Picea breweriana S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 378. 1885. 



A graceful tree, attaining a maximum height of 

 35 m. with a trunk 1 m. in diameter, the lower 

 Ijranches horizontal and bearing long, slender, pen- 

 dulous branchlets, often 2-2.5 m. long and rarely 

 1 cm. thick ; branchlets finely pubescent until the 

 third year; bark 15-20 mm. tliick, reddish brown, 

 broken into long, thin, appressed scales. Leaves 

 spreading from all sides of the branchlets, 20-25 

 mm. long, obtuse, rounded, dark green and shining 

 on the lower surface, flattened and marked by 

 prominent bands of stomata on each side of the 

 midrib on the upper surface ; staminate flowers 

 dark purple ; cones on slender stalks, oblong, 7-10 

 cm. long; scales broadly ovate, thin and flat, rounded 

 at the apex with smooth entire margin ; bracts ob- 

 long, acute, about one-fourth as long as the scales; 

 seeds 3 mm. long, dark brown. 



The rarest American spruce, occurring only in the forests 

 of southwestern Oregon and adjacent California, Canadian 

 Zone. Most abundant on the Siskiyou Mountains, but also 

 found on the Oregon Coast Ranges at the head of Illinois 

 River, and in the Klamath and Trinity Mountains, California. 

 Type locality: summit of the Siskiyou Mountains on Happy 

 Camp Trail. 



3. Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce. Fig. 1 



Finns sitchensis Bong. Veg. Sitcha 46. 1832. 



Abies trigana Raf. Atlant. Journ. 119. 1832. 



Abies falcata Raf. Atlant. Journ. 120. 1832. 



Abies menziesii Lindl. in Penny Cyclop. 1: 32. 1833. 



Picea tnensiesii Carr. Trait. Conif. 237. 1855. 



A forest tree, often 35 m. in height, with a trunk 

 10-14 dm. in diameter, or attaining a maximum of 

 70 m. in height with a trunk 5 m. in diameter; 

 branches horizontal, forming an open pyramidal 

 crown; branchlets glabrous; bark about 15 mm. 

 thick, divided into thin, loose, dark red-brown 

 scales. Leaves 15-25 mm. long, spreading from all 

 sides of the branchlets, acute or acuminate at apex, 

 with long callous tips, rounded and green on the 

 lower surface, flattened and whitened above by two 

 broad bands of stomata ; staminate flowers dark 

 red ; cones narrowly oblong-oval 6-10 cm. long, 

 yellow to red-brown, their scales oblong, rounded 

 at the apex, thin and stiff, denticulate above the 

 middle; bracts half as long as the scales, lanceo- 

 late and finely toothed ; seeds pale reddish brown, 

 full and rounded, about 3 mm. long, with narrow 

 oblong wings, 8-12 mm. long. 



Moist, often swampy, situations, especially in sandy soil, 

 Humid Transition and Canadian Zones; extending along the 

 coast from Kodiak Island, Alaska, to Mendocino County, 

 California. Wood light brown with thick whitish sapwood, 

 light, soft, and weak; used for aeroplanes and shipbuilding. Type locality: Sitka, 



00. 



Alaska. 



4. TSUGA Carr. Trait. Conif. 185. 1855. 

 Forest trees with a pyramidal crown, nodding leading shoot and slender horizontal 

 branches. Leaves flat or angled, usually appearing 2-ranked by a twist of the petiole, 

 abruptly narrowed to short petioles, on persistent and eventually woody bases, emargmate 

 to acute at the apex, stomatiferous on the lower surface or, in one species, leaves spreadmg 

 from all sides and stomatiferous on both surfaces. Flowers solitary, the stammate axillary 

 on twigs of the previous year, globose, bearing many small subglobose anthejs ; the ovu- 

 late terminal, erect, their scales rounded, shorter or longer than the bracts. Cones usually 

 pendulous, oval to nearly cylindric, their scales rounded to ovate, thin, entire, much longer 

 than the minute bracts, persistent. Seeds nearly surrounded by their wings, compressed, 

 with resin ducts; cotyledons 3-6. [Name Japanese.] 



