64 



PINACEAE 



1. p. 'mucronata. 



2. P. tnacrocarpa. 



rounded anthers opening obliquely and with a short reflexed terminal appendage ; the 

 pistillate terminal or subterminal, short-stalked, composed of many small rounded scales, 

 each subtended by a much larger, usually deeply and sharply 3-toothed, bract. Cones 

 maturing the tirst autumn, oblong-ovoid, with the terminal scales reduced and sterile, 

 the fertile rounded and concave, spreading at maturity: bracts longer than the scales, linear 

 with the midrib extending into a long stiff arm and with a sharp-pointed lobe on each side. 

 Seeds oblong, triangular, shorter than the dark-colored membranous wings ; cotyledons 6-12. 

 [Greek and Japanese meaning false hemlock.] 



Three species, the third species in Japan. Type species, Pscudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. 



Cones mostly 5-7 cm. long, their scales flexible. 



Cones 10-15 cm. long, their scales spreading at right angles and very rigid. 



1. Pseudotsuga mucronata fRaf.) Siidw. 

 Douglas Fir. Fig. 136. 



Pii'.us taxifolia Lamb. Pinus 1: 51. pi. 33. 1803, not Salisb. 



1796. 

 Abies mucronata Raf. Atlant. Journ. 120. 1832. 

 .4bics donglasii Lindl. in Penny Cyclop. 1 : 32. 1833. 

 Pseudotsuga donglasii Carr. Trait. Conif. ed. 2, 256. 1867. 

 Pseudotsuga lindleyana Carr. Rev. Hort. 1868: 152. 1868. 

 Pseudotsuga taxifolia Britt. Trans. N. Y. Acad. 8: 74. 



1889. 

 Pseudotsuga mucronata Sudw. Contr. U. S. Xat. Herb. 



3: 266. 1895. 



A forest tree 60-70 m. high, or sometimes 

 higher, with a trunk 1-3.5 m. in diameter and a 

 broad or narrow pyramidal crown, lower branches 

 drooping, the middle and upper ascending, 

 clothed with numerous drooping branchlets ; 

 bark of old trunks 10-50 cm. thick toward the 

 base, deeply fissured, forming broad ridges. 

 Leaves 20-30 mm. long, 2 mm. or less wide, 

 obtuse at the apex, dark yellow-green or some- 

 times blue-green, usually persistent 8 years ; staminate flowers yellow, tinged with red ; 

 cones pendent, 5-7 cm. or rarely 10 cm. long; scales rounded, slightly concave, puberulent, 

 flexible; bracts about 6 mm. wide, well exceeding the scales; seeds 6 mm. long; wings a 

 little longer. 



Widely distributed over western North America, Humid and Arid Transition Zones; British Co- 

 lumbia to Central California, New Mexico, Arizona and northern Mexico. Most abundant and growing 

 to the largest size in western Washington and Oregon. The most important lumber tree of the Pacific 

 States. Type locality: mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon. 



2. Pseudotsuga macrocarpa (Torr.) 



:^Iayr. 



Big Cone Douglas Fir. Fig. 137. 



Akies douglasii macrocarpa Torr. in Ives Rep. 28. 1861. 

 Abies macrocarpa Vasey, Card. Month. 18: 21. 1876. 

 Pscudotsuga douglasii macrocarpa Englm. in S. Wats. 



Bot. Calif. 2: 120. 1880. 

 Pseudotsuga macrocarpa Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 278. 



1890. 



Tree 15-25 m. high, with a trunk 1.5-2.5 m. 

 in diameter, lower branches elongated and 

 drooping, forming a broad pyramidal crown ; 

 l)ark 8-15 cm. thick, deeply divided into broad 

 rounded ridges. Leaves blue-greeji, 20-30 mm. 

 long, about 2 mm. wide, acute or tapering at the 

 apex, persistent 4 or 5 years ; staminate flowers 

 pale yellow; cones short-stalked, 10-11 mm. 

 long; scales rounded, 40-50 mm. broad, con- 

 cave, thick and rigid, puberulent; bracts well 

 exceeding the scales, about 8 mm. wide ; seeds 

 12 mm. long, equaling the wings. 



Mountains of southern California at 3000 to 6000 

 feet altitude, Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition 

 Zones; Santa Inez Mountains and Fort Tejon, south- 

 ward to the Cuyamaca Mountains, San Diego County. 

 Type locality: "mountains near San Felipe," San 

 Diego County, California. 



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