66 



PINACEAE 



2. Abies grandis Lindl. Grand Eir. 



Eie. 139. 





Abies grandis Lindl. in Penny Cyclop. 1: 30. 1833. 

 Abies gordoiiiaiia Carr. Trait. Conif. ed. 2, 298. 1867. 

 Abies grandis oregona Beissner, Handb. Conif. 71. 1887. 



A tree attaining a maximum height of 90 m. with 

 a trunk 1-1.5 m. in diameter, and long and drooping 

 branches, the branchlets puberulent, becoming gla- 

 brous the second year. Leaves on slender branches. 

 35-50 mm. long. 3 mm. wide, 2-ranked, forming" flat 

 sprays, flat, thin, and flexible, deeply grooved, dark 

 green and shining on the upper surface, silvery white 

 on the lower ; staminate flowers light yellow, the 

 pistillate greenish ; cones long-oblong, 12-18 cm. long, 

 3^ cm. thick; scales broadly fan-shaped, 30 mm. 

 wide, about 25 mm. long, puberulent ; bracts scarce- 

 ly half as long as the scales, obcordate, irregularly 

 toothed and short-pointed ; seeds pale brown, 8 mm. 

 long, their wings twice as long. 



Coniferous forests, mainly in the Canadian Zone; Van- 

 couver Island southward along the coast to Mendocino County, 

 California, and eastward to western Montana, and the Blue 

 Mountains, Oregon. Wood coarse-grained, light brown, light, 

 soft, and not durable; used for interior finishing and for pack- 

 ing boxes. Often called Stinking Fir by lumbermen. Type 

 locality: "low moist valleys in northern California." 



3. Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Niitt. Alpine Fir. Eig. 140. 



Pinus lasiocarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 163. 1842. 



Abies lasiocarpa Nutt. N. Am. Sylva 3: 38. 1849. 



Abies bifolia Murr. Proc. Hort. Soc. Edinb. 3: 320. 1863. 



Abies snbalpina Engelm. Am. Nat. 10: 555. 1876. 



Abies sttbalpina fallax Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 3: 597. 1878. 



A tree usually 25-40 m. high or rarely twice ■ 

 as high, with a trunk 0.5-1.5 m. in diameter and 

 short, crowded branches, the lower usually 

 drooping; branchlets stout, rusty pubescent for 

 3 or 4 years, or rarely glabrous the second year. 

 Leaver crowded, becoming erect by the curving 

 of the lower, 5-10 cm. long, bluish green and 

 shining on both surfaces, rounded or notched at 

 the apex, grooved on the upper side, a cross 

 section shows two resin ducts" well within the 

 soft leaf tissue ; staminate flowers cylindric, 

 bluish, the pistillate 25 mm. long, scarcely 

 half as thick, dark purple ; cones oblong- 

 cylindric, 6-10 cm. long, dark purple; scales 

 usually fan-shaped, about 25 mm. long and 

 scarcely as broad; bracts one-third as long as 

 the scales, oblong-obovate, red-brown, laciniately 

 cut on the margins, abruptly contracted to a 

 slender tip; seeds 6 mm. long; wings dark, 

 nearly as long as the scales. 



Alpine valleys and mountain slopes, Hudsonian Zone; southeastern Alaska, British Columbia, and 

 western Alberta southward through Washington, Oregon, Idaho, western Montana, and Wyoming to 

 southern Arizona and New Mexico. Wood pale brown, light, soft, and weak; of little commercial value. 

 Type locality: "interior of N. W. America." 



